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A DAY 



Clje |(eto toll €xpkl lakte, 



AND 9 

now TO MAKE THE MOST OF IT : 

BEING A 

POPUI.AR COMPANION TO THE "OFFICIAL CATALOGUE," AND A GUIDE TO 

ALL THE OBJECTS OF SPECIAL INTEREST IN THE NEW 

YORK EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY 

OF ALL NATIONS. 



WILLIAM C/'EICHAEDS, A.M., 

EDITOE OF THE "OFFICIAL CATALOGITE." 






" Bi;t as I slept me mette I wna 
Within a temple ymnde of g!.i3, 
la which there were mo images 
Of gold standing in sundry stages, 
In mo rich tabernacles, 
And with perrie mo pinnnclea 
And mo curioua portraitures, 
And qneint manner of figures 
Of gold work, than I saw ever." 

CAaueer, 




G. P. PUTNAM & CO., 10 PARK PLACE. 

M.DCCC.LIII. 



^. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, iu tlio year 1?53, 

By G. r. Putnam and Companv, 

In the Clerk's OfEce of the Distii.-t Court of the United St:iU'S for the Soutbem District of 

New Vovk. 






BiLtix & Brothers, Pnnters and Stereotypcrs, 20 North Willinm street, N, Y 



TO 

\ 

THEODORE SEDGWICK, ESQ., 

PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION 

FOE THE 

EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, 

ORGANIZED IN NEW YORK, IN 1S52, 

AND 

EXnrBJTING NOW THE GRAND RESULTS OF ITS ENTERPRISE AND ENERGY 

THE AMERICAN CRYSTAL PALACE, 

Sr|)Cs Slfttle Volumt, 

DESIGNED AS A POPULAR EXPOSITION OF THOSE RESULTS, FOR PRESENT 

USE, AND FUTURE REFERENCE, 

IS, 

WITH SENTIMENTS OF SINCERE ESTEEM, 

INSCKIEED BY 

THE AITTHOE. 



PREFACE. 



This manual has been prepared to supply a want expressed by- 
thousands, and probably felt by all, of those who have visited the 
Crystal Palace. The Official Catalogue, indispensable in itself as a 
complete and systematic inventory of the thousands of objects 
embraced in the Great Exhibition, is, yet, in the very nature of the 
case, deficient in that sort of information concerning the chief attrac- 
tions of the Palace which the visitor requires. 

The author of this little work has prepared it under some embar- 
rassments, and especially that of exacting daily duties, but in pleading 
them in extenuation of the defects which it may be found to contain, 
he would, at the same time, state, and he hopes, without incurring the 
charge of vanity, that he had peculiar facilities for the preparation of 
the work. For a period of five months he has been connected with 
the Association as the Editor of its Official Catalogues, and much of 
that time he has passed in close and careful inspection of the articles 
exhibited in all departments of the Exhibition. 

It would not have been difficult to write a large volume upon the 
Exhibition, in which he might have indulged in description and illus- 
tration, but to condense the needed information into the limits of a 
manual — " hoc opus, hie labor est." 

The visitor may not, improbably, find the guide-book sometimes 
in fault, it may be from oversight or actual mistake, but still more 
probably from disarrangement of the objects in the Palace by occa- 
sional withdrawals, or by tardy additions of articles. 

It is believed that the visitor desiring to see the Exhibition 
thoroughly, and willing to follow a guide implicitly, will find this 
manual an efficient help. 

The title of the book has been chosen, not to indicate the amount 
of time which may be profitably devoted to the Exhibition, for in that 
case it should have been " A Week in the Crystal Palace," but 
to encourage those who have only " a day^'' to spare, to devote that 



6 r R E F A C E . 

day confidently and with determination to the object, and to give 
them such aid as will enable them, within tlie day^ to sec the entire 
Exhibition, not in detail, but still with much satisfaction. 

The work has been prepared with reference to the wants of the 
visitor in the Palace^ but it is believed that it will be found to pos- 
sess an interest beyond this special aim, and for thousands who find 
it impossible to see, for themselves, the Great Exhibition which it 
commemorates. 

The degree of benefit which the visitor to the Crystal Palace will 
derive from it, will be in exact proportion to the fidelity with which 
the course jt points out is followed. It is confidently believed that 
no one can inspect the contents of the whole building by an easier 
method than the one it prescribes, and a slight attention to its in- 
structions and indices will obviate all difiBculty in making the tour of 
the building as it is there marked out. 

There is a vein of regret mingling with the j^leasure with which 
this little work is dismissed from the hands of its author. It is 
occasioned by the immediate departure, from the scene of their 
successful labours, of the two gentlemen who have so ably super- 
intended the whole interior economy of the Crystal Palace, and 
under whose auspices the author's labours in the Catalogue Bureau 
were so agreeably performed. To Captain S. F. Dupont, U. S. N., 
and to Lieutenant C. H. Davis, U. S. N., the author acknowledges 
his obligations for the aid and courtesy they have constantly extended 
to him, during his official connection with them. 

They depart to fulfil the imperative duties of their respective 
stations, and leave all who have known them, either personally or 
officially, to regret that they could not conduct to its close, the 
Exhibition so successfully opened, and hitherto carried on, under their 
direction. 

The author avails himself of this opportunity, while introducing to 
the public his unpretending little manual, to refer to the " Illustrated 
Eecord''' of the Exhibition as a source of full information upon the 
principles and processes and results involved in this great display of 
human industry. 

If this manual should prove acceptable to the public, and useful to 
those who may consult its pages, the author will be rewarded for his 
care and toil in its preparation. 
Crystal Palaoe, C?c^.2S^A, 1853. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

General View. Tlie Centre and leaves 9 

DivisiOxV A. United States 26 

Division B. Great Britain and Ireland 48 

Division C. Belgium, Germany, and France 64 

Division D. Italy, Austria, Holland, Hayti, "West Indies, British 

Provinces, Denmark, and United States 82 

Machine Arcade, and Adjacent Courts 107 

Gallery B. Great Britain and Ireland 1 20 

Gallery C. Germany and France 132 

Galleries D and A. Switzerland, Italy, Austria, and United 

States .' 144 

Picture Gallery - 163 

Mineralogical Cabinet 167 



A DAY 



IN THE 



|(el)j ftrk €xpkl lafate. 



GENEEAL YIEW. 



THE CENTRE AND NAVES. 

There are three grand entrances into the Crystal Entrances. 
Palace, at the north, west, and south extremities of 
the cross which its intersecting naves constitute — 
the eastern extremity merging into the Machine 
Arcade. The visitor, entering at either of the gates, 
should proceed immediately to the centre, both for 
the fine covp d'osil which he will there obtain and 
for the convenience of starting upon the systematic 
tour of observation which this Manual is designed 
to point out. The view of the dome can hardly fail the Dome. 
to gratify and surprise the beholder, from the con- 
trast of its vast size and its extreme airiness. 
Springing from the columns which support it at the 
height of 70 feet, and with a diameter of 100 feet, 
it rises to the elevation of 123 feet at the crown, 
and is the largest dome in the Western World. Its 
slender ribs of iron seem inadequate to sustain its 
vast size, and it presents the appearance of a balloon 
expanded and impatient for a flight into the far-off 
sky. 

^* t 



10 



A DAY IN THE 



Shape of the 
buildiufir. 



The grand 
division. 



Naves. 



Courts. 



Classes of the 
Catiilofcue. 



Firet steps. 
Signs. 



National 
Flags. 



The sliape of the gronud upon which the building 
is erected, involved the necessity of a plan of con- 
struction quite unfavourable to that simplicity of 
arrano-ement which obtained in tlie Ijondon Exhi- 

O 

bition. There, the visitor's course was obviously in 
one direction, throughout the extreme length of the 
parallelogram. Here, four equal sections or divisions 
present themselves to the spectator standing beneath 
the dome. These are separated by the arms of the 
cross, which are appropriately designated the naves 
of the building, extending from the centre in the 
directions of the cardinal points of the compass. 
These avenues are each forty-one feet wide, and cou- 
tain many of the most conspicuous objects of the 
Exhibition, embracing particularly the statuary in 
bronze and marble. 

The Divisions arc subdivided into Courts, — and 
these are appropriated to one or more of the distinct 
Classes iiito which all the objects upon exhibition 
have been carefully arranged. For the names of 
these classes, and the courts they occupy in the 
various countries, the visitor must consult the Official 
Catalogue, to Avhich this Manual is a companion or 
guide, and which it is deemed injudicious to encum- 
ber with tabular plans already freely accessible. 

The first thing to be done after the inspection of 
the dome, and the general view of the building from 
the centre, is to observe the signs which are promi- 
nently displayed to indicate the different naves and 
divisions. It is of importance to know which is 
Korth, and which South — which is East, and which 
West ; for the interior of the Palace is a maze 
v>-hich readily bewilders the spectator. A still closer 
observation will reveal to the eye, at intervals, along 
the naves and suspended from the galleries, the flags 
of the different nations which occupy the recesses 
of the division. 



N E \Y YORK C il Y S T A L P A L A C E . 11 

It is an easy matter to obtain, before leaving the starting well, 
centre, -a definite idea of the ground to be traversed, 
and of the position of countries upon the floor of 
the building, ^yithout which every step of progress 
will be embarrassed. 

The plan which this Manual indicates for the Method, 
inspection of the Crystal Palace, was not adopted 
without deliberation. It is the result of much 
thought and repeated experiment for the discovery 
of the best way to see the whole Exhibition in the 
shortest possible time and with the least possible 
weariness. 

The visitor who has but a single day to spare, Advantages, 
will find his advantage m jiursuhig it ; while the 
one who makes repeated visits, cannot compass the 
building more thoroughly or profitably by any other 
method. 

The maiority of those v>'ho enter the Crystal Pal- ^"e^iofa 
ace, do so with the intention of seeing it all at once ; 
and without such a manual as this, or an iutelligent 
guide at their elbow, they will find their purpose 
sadly frustrated. 

The objects placed within the central court may The centre, 
very naturally claim our first notice. Most conspi- 
cuous of these is a colossal equestrian statue of 
Washino-ton, modelled in plaster by the Baron Equestrian 

-ri- 1, -T^f. statue of 

Marochetti, an Italian sculptor, now a resident oi Washington. 
London, from which place the contribution was 
sent. It is designed to be cast in bronze, and should 
occupy a position much more elevated than its pres- 
ent pedestal before its just merit as a work of art 
can be determined. The artist has m.adc several 
colossal statues, which have elicited general appro- 
bation in England, 

Within the shadow of the colossal horse, upon candelabra, 
both the north and south sides, stand large candela- 
bra, wrought in alabaster by an Italian artificer. 



J2 A DAY IN THE 

They are good examples of their kmd, and- finely 
adapted for the halls of the fine old palaces which 
exist in Italy, but they would be deemed too cum- 
brous for our style of adornment. 

TnK Amazon. The famous Amazon group — the great work of 
the Berlin sculptor, Kiss — is placed a little south 
and east of the centre, and will reward the earnest 
attention of the spectator. It is a copy of the 
original work in bronze which was placed at the 
entrance of the Royal Museum at Berlin. The de- 
sign and success alike of the artist, are instantly 
apparent. The ferocious tiger which has fastened 
itself upon the neck of the terrified horse, appears 
utterly unconscious of the presence of the rider. 
She, an Amazon of the most majestic physique, 
alarmed but not overwhelmed by the sudden attack, 
is intent only upon the destruction of the fierce 
assailant, for which she poises her spear with a wild 
and titanic energy well displayed in her countenance 
and action. It is a grand work, both in design and 

See note. execut i on . * 

The transition of feeling with which one turns 
from this bold and impressive work to the exquis- 

PowERs's itely beautiful statuary of the American Powers, 
just beneath it, is not unlike that which is experi- 
enced in passing from the contemplation of an ocean 
tempest to that of a mountain-girded lake, sleeping 
in the serene beauty of sunset. 



* Since the foregoing description vrns put in type, several pieces of 
etatnary have been received and placed around the pedestal of the 
Amazon group. They are six in number. The first — beginning at the 
extreme left, fronting Powers's group — is "A Bacchante," by V. Luc- 
CAEDi of Eome; the next, a "Bacchus" by E. Guaccariki of Home; 
the third and fifth are busts by Ives of Connecticut, the one a Kuth, 
and the other a Bacchante; the fourth, and central figure, is entitled 
"Maternal Solicitude," and is a very beautiful work by Belzoni of 
Eome ; the sixth is a statuette of " Samuel," also by E. Guaccarixi. 
All these works are contributed to the Exhibition by B. Graves, Esq., 
Of' New York City, ■who is their fortunate proprioton 



XEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 13 

Here are four of tlie justly admired productions of 
the Western sculptor's chisel, of which the ''Eve" Tho Eve. 
is the latest — and, let us be pardoned for adding, 
the most beautiful. It was executed by the artist 
at Florence, under a commission from Col. John S. 
Preston, of South Carolina, and was by his generous 
permission first publicly exhibited in Charleston, at 
the Fair of the South Carolina Institute, in 1851. 
The present opportunity of inspecting this beautiful 
work is perhaps the only one which the public gene- 
rally ^vill enjoy. 

The ''Fisher Boy," and the classical bust of Pro- Fisher Boy. 
serpine, are exhibited by the courtesy of their fortu- Proserpine. 
nate proprietor, Sidney Brooks, Esq., of New York. 
The " Greek Slave" is still the property of the artist, Greek slave. 
and is, we believe, a duplicate of the original, owned 
in London. 

Just north of this attractive group is a work in Ottex's 
bronze by Otten, a French sculptor. It is of the bro*nze.^" 
same general character with the Amazon of Prof. 
Kiss. A cavalier on horseback is attacked by an 
enormous serpent, which has wound itself about the 
animal, and has raised its fearful crest to strike the 
rider, who, with evident dismay, but a still, terrible 
courage, is aiming to send an arrow into the open 
jaws of the reptile. The work displays a bold con- 
ception, and is in many respects powerfully wrought. 

A fitting opportunity here presents itself for the 
notice of a female bust in marble, by Ives. Whether Bust by Ives. 
it is a portrait or ideal work we are left to conjec- 
ture. It is placed at the right of the serpent-group ; 
while on the opposite side is a marble bust of Daniel 
Webster, by King. Fronting the north nave, but Bnstof 
fully within the centre, there are two portrait-busts ki^o. ^^ ^ 
in marble, by Kinney, of Worcester, Massachusetts, Two busts by 
which are placed on either side of a free and effective ^^^^^• 
piece of sculpture by Leveque, of France. The 



14 

Lesbia. 



A DAY IN THE 



Italian 
sculpture. 

Coi-UMBUS. 



PelleciaV 

statuettes. 



The 
Mendicant. 



sculptor calls it " Lesbia;" i^erhaps from the heroine 
of Moore's popular song — 



" Lesbia Liitli a beaming eye." 

It is a recumbent figure, of an outline and devel- 
opment in strong contrast with the delicacy of the 
'' Eve," not far removed. 

To the left of this work, and in a recess of the 
centre between two of the principal stairways to the 
Gallery, is a group of works in marble, which will 
introduce the visitor to the Italian sculptors. The 
central figure is that of Christopher Columbus, of 
life size, and well expressing the energy and nobility 
of character which marked the great discoverer. It 
is from an original model by Signor Costa, of Flo- 
rence. On each side of it stands a statuette, the 
one representing the Genius of Spring, and the other 
the Genius of Summer. They are admirable and 
pleasing works, contributed, with several others, by 
the sculptor, Signor Pellecia, Director of the Aca- 
demy of Fine Arts at Carrara. 

Fronting the west nave, there is another group of 
Italian statuary deserving notice. A touching air 
of reality seems to rest upon the face of " The Men- 
dicant," whose hand is stretched out as if to implore 
charity from the passer-by. It is the work of 
Strazza, a sculptor dwelling in " the Eternal City." 
The next is a more pleasing subject, handled with 
The Guardian much dclicacy. It represents a guardian angel turn- 
° ' ing the steps of Innocence from danger, which is 

personified in the snake. This work, as also the 
statue of " Psyche grieving," near at hand. Is from 
the chisel of Bienabie, of Rome. The "Rebecca," 
one of several works by Yass6, of Florence, com- 
pletes the group. 

A corresponding recess upon the left, to the one 
just mentioned upon the right, presents a copy in 



Psycho 
grieving. 

Eebecca. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 15 

marble of the "Flora del Campodoglio/' with two rioraofthe 

statuettes, one on each side, which, from the nature 

of their subjects, are very pleasing works. They are 

" The Industrious Little Girl," by Magxi, and " The Italian works 

m \ T . m HIT 1 1 T T 1 from Austria. 

Soldier's bon," by J orini, both Italian sculptors, but 
included, by the chances of political fate, among the 
Austrian contributors, as belonging to Lombardy. 

Another group in front of the south nave com- 
pletes our view of the centre. Besides the " Psyche," 
already mentioned, there is here a beautiful statue 
by Emilio Santarelli, of Florence. It represents 
" Harpocrates," who, the classical reader will recol- 
lect, is the god of Silence, in the beautiful mytho- The god of 
logy of the Greeks. The trio of this group is com- 
pleted by a " Bacchante,'' playing on a flute — one a BaccLante. 
of the works contributed by Signor Pelleccia, al- 
ready named. : 

The centre finished, the four naves of the Palace The naves. 
naturally invite inspection ; and the visitor is recom- 
mended to take them all in turn, before plunging 
into the Divisions, which they bound. 

Entering the south nave, upon the left hand a^Sonthnave. 
bronze dog plays silent sentinel. It is the work of ?!"hoppin' 
Mr. Hoppix, of Providence, and was modelled from 
Xature. It is a good example of statuesque life 
and action, and is the more to be observed, as one 
of the few specimens of casting in bronze in this 
country. 

Just beyond and above this, a somewhat startling startling 
tableau presents itself, transporting the beholder into 
ages long gone by. It is a collection of arms and Armour from 
armour from the grim old Tower of London — that London. 
palace and prison by turns. Before inspecting them, 
let the visitor turn and glance his eye to the fronts 
of the galleries abutting on the centre. There, upon 
four brackets, and beneath four canopies, at opposite 
points, may be seen four effigies armed ccq^-d-plc in Effigies. 



16 



A DAY IN THE 



Ancient arms. 



Modern arms. 



A Cupid. 



Sleeping 
Child. 



"Warwick 

Vase. 



glittering steel, — Tisions, like the arms we have just 
named, of the far-off Past, and, like them, reviving 
the gloomy memories of the Tower. There is the 
mailed warrior of the times of tlie eighth Henry; — 
there the cavaliers of " Good Queen Bess," and of 
the first Charles, arrayed as they were wont to be 
for the battle-field. 

Turn now to the tableau, and see the arquebus 
and the matchlock gun, the cross-bow, the glaive, 
the martel, the battle-axe, the French pertuisan, the 
antique sword, the iron gauntlet, the marion, the 
helmet, the coat of linked mail, the shield, and other 
ancient accoutrements of war. Observe, too, 
among these relics of the past, the pistol with 
revolving chambers, and the musket with changeable 
barrels — the prototypes of our modern Colts and 
Porters. 

These ancient weapons and appliances of war, with 
others just within the east nave, are all sent to the 
Crystal Palace by Her Britannic Majesty's Board 
of Ordnance. The collection embraces, also, speci- 
mens of the modern weapons used in the British 
army and navy. The exhibition is a significant one 
— eloquent of the Past, and suggestive of the won- 
derful contrasts of the Present. 

Continuing down the south nave, we encounter 
" Cupid with the arms of Mars," — playthings appa- 
rently unsuited to the nature of the urchin. This is 
the work of a Danish artist. Prof. Jerichau, of 
Copenhagen, whose excellent model of Adam and 
Eve will by-and-by claim our notice. A Sleeping 
Child, by Dufre', of Florence, is one of several 
pleasing examples in the Palace, of the high adapta- 
tion of marble sculpture to express the idea of repose. 

On the line of the centre, is a noble copy in marble 
of the famous Warwick Vase, on three pedestals 
effectively carved into lion's heads. It is one of 



JJEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 17 

numerons works — chiefly copies — contributed by 

Marchetti, of Carrara. Immediately beyond this, 

on the same line, is a group in marble, catalogued 

in Class xxxi. of the United States, but executed by 

MiiLLER, a German sculptor. The group is entitled 

" The Minstrel's Curse," and is illustrative of Uhland's cSst'"^'" 

fine poem of the same title. 

On the visitor's left hand, is a complacent " Cupid" a Cupid. 
in marble, by Bandel, of London, and, next, a 
plaster cast of a Yenus, by Nannetti, of Dublin, a Venus. 
An exquisite statue of Sabrina, by Marshall, of Sabrina. 
London, here recalls the very worda of Milton, — 

" Sabrina fair, 

Listen wlien thou art sitting 
Under the glassy, cool, translucent wave, 

In twisted braids of lilies knitting 
Tlie loose train of thy amber-dropping hair: 
Listen for dear honour's sake, 
Goddess of the Silver lake ; 

Listen and save !" " Comw5." 

A succession of several works in plaster — among 
which will be found " The Emiorrant," by Lawlor, tti« 

° ' *' ' Emigrant. 

of London, two or three figures by Nannetti, and a 

statue of ''The Hunter Keposing," bv Farrell, of The Hunter 

. . Keposing. 

Dublin — CQnducts the visitor nearly to the extremity 
of the nave, overlooking several objects placed along 
the centre, which may be jast as well inspected while 
returning up the other side. Crossing the nave, 
therefore, just below a fire-engine and hose-carriage, Fire Engine. 
— which are both examples of the pride of appear- 
ances maintained by our metropolitan fire-companies, 
■ — there appear, on the left hand, various bronzes, Castings by 
copies from famous works, and cast by Gteiss, of 
Berlin, the founder of the Amazon group, already 
named. An " Eve," Thorwaldsen's " Hope," and a 
"Niobede," are good examples of his admirable 
castings. A little forward are beautiful specimens Berlin iron 
of castings in iron from the Royal Foundry at ^^^ 



18 



A DAY I y T II E 



A Danaide. 



Cliime of 
bells. 



Inscriptious. 



First. 
Second. 



Tliird. 
Fourth. 



Berlin. The Berlin iron fabrics are unrivalled by 
any in the world for delicacy of finish. Between 
two beautiful examples of its high excellence, there 
is placed a Danaide, in marble, the work of Carl 
Barrata, a German sculptor in Rome. 

A series of four highly ornamented bells, cast by 
HosEXLACHER, of Constancc, in Germany, extends 
along the centre of the nave. They bear inscrip- 
tions ill German, which we have rendered into Eng- 
lish for the benefit of the curious. The mottoes are 
given in the order of the bells, ascending the nave. 

"Their sound goeth out over the broad earth." — David. 

** From Heaven lie came whose grace we sing, 
A little child our Lokd appeared ; 
Yet He of all tlie world is King — 
The Prince of I'eace — tlic Cliief revered !" 

"I am the "Way, the Truth, and the Life."— John xiv. 6. 

" Be ye my followers, brethren, and mark those who so walk 
as ye have a pattern in me." — St. Paul. 



An object of great interest now presents itself 
Frosnei light, in the ccutrc of tlie nave. It is a Fresnel light, 
made by Lepaute of France, and imported by our 
government for the light-house upon the stormy cape 
of Ilatteras. It consists of a vast lantern, composed 
of powerful prisms and lenses, which revolve by ma- 
chinery around the lamp in the interior — a Carcel. 
lamp, with four concentric wicks. The light of this 
lamp is collected by the lenses into a beam of intense 
brilliancy, which is projected outward from, the panel 
of prisms, and, as the dome or lantern revolves, a 
succession of these beams or flashes is produced. 
The light will be visible for a great distance from 
the coast, and is the best one of the kind on the 
western continent. On the line of this nave, the 
Fisher's Girl, yisitor passes a staltue of "The Fisherman's Daugh- 
ter," by Steinhauser of Germany ; a copy from 
Canova's Hebe ; and some very pleasing examples of 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 19 

Belgian statuar}^, embracing '' The Sleeping Cliil- Belgian 
dren," in marble, by Geefs, and three works in 
plaster by Fraikix, among which is a well-modelled 
Psyche. 

Entering now the west nave, there appears first, "West Nave. 
upon the left hand, a group in marble, representing 
'•' Hagar and Ishmael in the desert," — the work of nagar. 
Caselli, of Florence. On the middle line is a group 
of three works in marble, of which the centre is a 
copy of Thorwaldsex's "'Ganymede and the Eagle." Ganymede. 
A statuette by Pellecia of " Herminia writing the Herminia. 
name of Tancred," from Tasso's immortal poem, is 
upon the left, and a "Fisher Boy," by Coccm, of Fisher Boy. 
Milan, upon the right. Beyond these is a much 
admired group in marble, representing " Two lovers Two Lovers, 
going to the fountain," the work of Lazzerini, of 
Carrara, from a design by Henschel. 

At this point, the French Government Court, in 
wliich the Gobelin Tapestries and Sevres Porcelain GoBELn^s. 
are displayed, opens on the left hand ; but passing 
by, in strict conformity to the plan of this Manual, 
the visitor may note upon the central line a reduced 
copy in zinc of the Amazon group (a good example Copy of 
of the castings of the '' Societe de la Vieille Mon- 
iaqne^^ a larij:e French foundry); next, a copy in Houdou"s 

^ -r-r , r.TTT 1 • \. VC- i Washington. 

plaster of Hounox's statue or VVashmgton from Rich- 
mond ; a magnificent pair of eagles and goat, in Eagles, 
bronze, designed by Fratix, and sent by Aubaxel 
of Paris ; a plaster bust of Washington, after Hou- 
Dox, and the plaster models of Adam and Eve by Adam and 
Jerichau, to which allusion has been already made. 
The next object may well delay the visitor for a 
few moments. It is a group in plaster, by Lechesne ^j^gJJ^^^ 
of Paris ; and there are few nobler works in the 
whole Exhibition. If we interpret the artist's design 
aright, a shipwrecked mother and her child have 
been cast upon the shore — the child only surviving. 



20 



A DAY IN THE 



Stag in zinc 
Wolves. 
Gala coach. 



A vulture approaches, and the affrighted child, 
attempting to repel it with a frail branch, is attacked 
by the rapacious bird, who fastens its talons into the 
tender flesh of the boy. The modelling is admirable, 
and the whole work full of power. 

On the left of it is a statue in marble of " Da- 

Damaiis. malis," by Etex of France ; and beyond it is an 
example of the application of iron and glass to orna- 

Giided door, mental architecture — a splendid door-frame of gilded 
iron, and a door with panels of plate-glass, intended, 
probably, for the entrance of some Parisian cafe or 
magazin des nouveautes. 

A noble figure of a stag here presents itself as a 
specimen of zinc casting from the foundry of Schultz 
at Zeyst in Holland. Near it are two wolves, its 
companion contributions, also in zinc. Behind the 
stag is a gala carriage — such, probably, as the fair 
and high-born ladies of the gay city of Paris are 
wont to disport themselves in, on the Boulevards. It 
is from the factory of Moussaru, and exhibits costly 
workmanship. At the end of the nave there is a 

Mirror. large mirror in an elaborately ornamented frame, 

manufactured by Kingslaxd & Co., of New York. 

Returning on the north side of the nave to the 
centre, numerous works in marble front tlie Aus- 
trian and Italian courts. There is first, " A tipsy 
Bacchus," as the catalogue terms it — expressing, we 
suppose, that state of exhilaration just short of 
drunkenness. It is by Cambi of Florence. Next 
to it is a beautiful work, somewhat vaguely called 
''A Shepherdess and Bird," from the chisel of Bien- 
AiiiE of Rome. The story of Atala and Chactas, 
from the exquisite romance of Chateaubriand, is 
the theme of a pleasing group by Fracarolli. Tiie 
visitor will pause a moment to admire the noble head 

Monti. of Yincenzo Monti, an Italian poet. It is of almost 

colossal size, the work of Cavalier Sangiobgio of 



Bacchus. , 



Shepherdess. 
Atala. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. ' 21 

Milan, wlio lias also a colossal head of onr Saviour 

in one of the Italian Courts. '' Cupid and Psyche" Cupidand 

Psyche. 

— a copy from the antique in the Capitol at Rome — 
is followed by a remarkably pleasing bust of *' Iris" iris. 
by Cartei of Florence. Just back of it, hangs a 
remarkable work which should not be carelessly 
taken for an oil painting of ordinary merit, of which 
there is great danger. It is a copy, in stone-mosaic Picture in 
work, of Guercino's famous picture of St. John the 
Baptist, and was made at the mosaic manufactory 
of the Vatican. K is valued at $60,000, and is the 
contribution of Pope Pio Nono. It may not be 
amiss to suggest here, that a close inspection will 
reveal to the beholder the small cubes of different- 
cobured stones, which, deftly put together, compose 
the picture. There is another, but far less striking, 
example of inosaic painting in the Picture Gallery. Another 
A remarkable mosaic table-top may be seen just 
below the St. John. 

A statue of '^ Truth," holding a mirror to her Truth, 
face, is a second excellent work, in marble, by the 
sculptor of the tipsy Bacchus. ISText to it is another 
example of Italian statuary from Austria, — " Eve Eve. 
after her transgression," by Pagaxi, of Milan. 
Here also may be seen a mantel-piece of statuary 
marble, in the Anacreontic style, — not inaptly, 
though somewhat waggishly, called, in our hearing, 
'' an example of Cupid-it j.'^ Ciqyid-itj. 

The north nave now lies open to us; and upon its NoktuNave. 
very verge, on the middle line, there is a group of 
works deserving of notice. The central one is a 
bronze, from the Zollverein ; an effective group, Bronze group, 
modelled by Franz, of Berlin, and representing a 
shepherd attacked by a leopardess, and defended by 
his faithful dog. Between the grasp of the man's 
fingers on her throat and the dog's teeth upon her 
ear, the savage beast seems to have the v.^orst of it. 



2-3 



A DAY IN THE 



Ball's 

Webster. 



PlATTl'S 

Works. 



Two busts by and sliows signs of retreat. The two delicate and 
attractive busts on the right and left of this group 
are from the chisel of Galt, a young Virginia 
sculptor, who is at present enjoying at home, a brief 
\ recess from his studies and labours in Italy. They 

are respectively styled "A Bacchante" and "A 
Psyche." 

Descending the nave upon the left hand, in accor- 
dance with the plan of tlie Official Catalogue, ob- 
serve Ball's statuette of Webster — an admirable 
and truthful work, which we are glad to see is 
to be extensively reduplicated in plaster and in 
Parian clay. 

Next to a bust of Jupiter, by Marchetti, occurs 
a group of three works — " A Sleeping Child," " The 
Husbandman's Orphan," and a bust of Daniel Web- 
ster. They are from the chisel of Antonio Piatti, 
an Italian sculptor residing in New York, to whom 
the superhitendence of the statuary in the Exhibition 
has been entrusted. 

In front of these works, the visitor may inspect 
several mantel-pieces, in white marble, from New 
York artificers, and, just beyond them, models of a 
ship and steamboat. The former displays the ar- 
rangement of the beams and hatches of a ship's inte- 
rior. The curious in such matters will do well at 
this point to t'lrn back a step or two, and inspect a 

Novel method modcl of Captain Tucker's new method of propelling 

of navigation. , . i • i • , f ^ -,•-,, n 

sliips, which consists or a huge cyhnder to roll up6n 

the waves, impelled by a locomotive engine within. 

A font. Beyond a Gothic font in Pictou stone — a contrlbu- 

Bronze figure, tion froni Canada — is a graceful statue in bronze by 

H. K, Brown, — a female figure pointing upward. It 

is the " Angel of the Resurrection," and is designed 

Fire-eng'ne. foT Grecuwood Cemetery. A powerful fire-engine, 

of side stroke, stands in the centre, and looks as 

though it might do good service at a fire, in the 



Mantels. 



Ship's hull. 



XEW YORK CRYSTAL PxlLACE. 23 

hands of thirty stalwart men. It was made by 
Jeffers, of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. 

We comfr now to Genin's showy case, with its Genin's 
multitudinous display of wearing apparel — a minia- ^'^^^"^^^'^• 
ture reproduction of his unique Bazaar in the St. 
Nicholas Hotel. " The Child's First Grief," on statuette. 
the left, is an eloquent little work in marble from 
the chisel of Yasse, of Rome. Immediately north 
of Genin's case the visitor may inspect various spe- 
cimens of marbleized iron, such as columns, mantels, MarWeized 
and table-slabs, exhibited by the Salamander Marble 
Company of New York. This is a most ingenioas 
invention, and, we believe, undisputedly of American 
origin. 

Herring's iron safes will be found close by. There iron safes, 
is one, designed for a jevv^ller's store, which, from its 
size, massiveness, and elegance of decoration, it is 
safe to say, is a very noticeable object. 

A copy by Barratta of Bartolini's statue repre- 
senting " Faith," is placed just on the left, while on Faith, 
the north are two richly ornamented hose carriages, 
further examples of the expensive ambition of rival 
fire companies to make a show with their " appara- 
tus." The '' Hope," from Philadelphia, is covered Hose 
with arabesque silver-plate. The '' Xeptune," from 
the same city, is beautifully adorned. 

Two other works in marble complete the list of 
the left side of the nave. They are both classical 
examples — the one a bust of Dante, by Marchetti, Dante, 
and the other a statuette of Cicero, by Poxtaxa of Cicero. 
Carrara. 

The fine mirror contributed by Waller & KREPS.-Mirror. 
of New York, placed at the extremity of the nave, 
has the effect of greatly extending its length and of 
reduplicating its numerous showy objects. Re-ascend- 
ing the nave, we come to another of the many man- 
tels to be found in the section. It is of variegated Mantel piece. 



carnasres. 



24 



A DAY IN THE 



Bells. 



Cotton rope. 
Printed silks. 

Yenus. 
A font. 
Poetry. 
Bust of Scott. 

CttAWFOED. 

Diana. 
Mantels. 



East Nave. 

Statue of 
"Webster. 



Mercury. 
Bells. 

Perfumery. 
Locks. 



Gas-meters. 



Life-boats. 



Tbe fountain. 



stone, and made by 0. Gori of New York. Here, 
also, is a large church bell from Baltimore, and 
higher up the nave are several handsome bells from 
Troy. 

A pyramid of cotton cordage is here a conspicuous 
object, and a little further on, a case of Indian silks 
printed in this country. 

A copy of the Venus of the Louvre, in marble ; a 
font in Normandy stone ; a statue representing 
" Poetry," by Bruneri of Sardinia ; a plaster bust 
of Gen. Scott, by Joxes of New York ; an Italian 
copy of the Apollo ; Crawford's portrait-bust of his 
wife ; and a copy, from Italy, of Diana of the Louvre, 
constitute the list of objects on the side line, and 
bring the visitor again among the marble mantel- 
pieces both of the Old and New World — two exam- 
ples of the former being placed just out of the nave, 
in a recess of the centre. Passing these, we enter 
the East nave, stopping for a moment only, to look 
at the statue of "Webster, modelled in plaster by 
Carew of London, which occupies a place on the 
middle line. A copy of Thorwaldsen's "Mercury" 
will be found on the left. A variety of bells, from 
Meneely of Troy, are hung beyond the Webster ; 
and still beyond, is Phalon's temple, dedicated to 
soap and perfumery. On the left is a case of locks, 
exhibited by Day & Newell of New York, some of 
them of elaborate and curious construction. Down's 
transparent gas-meter is an object of considerable 
attention to those who wonder how the amount of 
gas burned in any given place can be determined. 
The centre of the nave is here occupied by a number 
of boats, — one of them a copper life-boat of thirty 
feet in length, capable of saving a great number of 
persons in shipwreck. 

At this point, the visitor may observe the " Crystal 
Fountain," but we propose to defer any description 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 25 

of it until we enter tlie Machine Arcade, at a subse- 
quent stage of our review. We will therefore cross 
the nave here, and ascend once more to the centre, Up the nave. 
noticing, as we pass, a group in plaster on a theme 
from Dante, by Munroe of London ; and another 
plaster group, representing one of the great Egypt- 
ian Ptolemies nourished in his infancy by an eagle, Ptolemy 
modelled by Jones of London. A marble statue 
representing " Truth" recalls us here to the Italian Truth, 
sculptors. It is by Cambi, and is followed by a 
charming model in plaster, by Marshall of London. 
It is entitled " The First Whisper of Love," and is The First 
one of the works distributed by the London Art Love. 
Union. 

Behind a small work in marble, from Italy, the 
visitor may notice Croll's dry gas-meter, which Gas-meter, 
measured the gas consumed by 3,000 burners in the 
London Crystal Palace. 

A group in marble representing " Charity," by Charity. 
Bandel of London, and a Cupid, employed in the Cupid, 
mischievous work of piercing a heart, by Santarelli, 
bring us to the effigy, in armour, of an ancient Eng- 
lish pikeman, and to the arms from the Tower of pikeman, 
London, already referred to at some length. ^ armour. 

The tour of the naves being now completed, the a pause. 
visitor may reasonably find a seat for a few moments 
somewhere beneath the dome, while we prepare to 
introduce him into the courts of the Palace. 



26 



A DAY IN THE 



DIVISION A, 



UNITED STATES. 



DlYtBIONS. 



B. 
0. 
D. 



Ck>17BlB« 



Court 1, 
Division A. 



Military 
appliances. 



A GLANCE at the four mail-clad warriors, already 
referred to, will reveal to the visitor, beneath them, 
the letters A, B, C and D — indicating the four great 
divisions of the Crystal Palace. Division A, the 
north-east section, is occupied by the United States ; 
Division B, the south-east, by Great Britain and 
Ireland ; Division C, the south-west, by Belgium, 
France, and Germany ; and Division D, the north- 
west, by Austria, Italy, Holland, the British Pro- 
vinces, Denmark, Hayti, Cuba, and the United 
States. 

Each of these grand Divisions is subdivided into 
twenty-nine Courts, numbered alike in all, as a refer- 
ence to the ground plan in the Official Catalogue 
will show. Court 1, Division A, opens from the 
North Nave, and into that we propose to conduct 
the visitor. The sight which meets the eye migEt 
create a degree of timidity in other circumstances j 
but here, the brazen-throated cannon are dumb, the 
swords hang innocently on the wall, or repose in 
their sheaths, and the stands of arms are not dis- 
turbed by the soldier. 

We are in the Military Court, and amidst the 
arms and accoutrements of the U. S. Government. 
Here are mounted howitzers, a field casson with im- 
plements and equipments, and a field forge. These, 
with a battery-wagon in an adjoining court, consti- 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 27 

tute a complete field-battery for flying artillery, and Field battery, 
were manufactured at the Watervliet Arsenal. 

Here, also, are several large brass pieces from the Cannon. 
Ames Company at Chicopee, (Mass.,) and upon the 
walls and counters of the court are regulation and 
fancy swords in great variety, from the same Com- Swords, 
pany. Muskets and musketoons, from the arsenal Muskets. 
> at Harper's Ferry, may be compared with the similar 
arms used by the British army, and displayed in the 
tableaux of Division B. 

Passing completely around the court, we enter, 
by the nave, Court 2, also occupied by numerous Court a. 
^ objects comprised in Class viii. of the Ofi&cial Cata- 
logue. Here are naval as well as military appliances, Naval. 
as we are reminded, at the very entrance of the 
court, by a miniature ship tossed upon mimic waves. 
All around are models of ships and steamboats and Models, 
yachts. A case of fine guns and pistols, from Kri- Guns and 
DER of Philadelphia, and another of rifles, from 
Rhodes, are followed by hulls and half hulls " too ^uiis. 
numerous to mention." A new steering apparatus, SMp steerer. 
by HoBBs of Boston, stands on the floor of the court, 
and other capstans are there also, with rival claims. 
Beyond a full model of a sloop-of-war, and another sioop-of-war. 
of a river steamboat, the visitor may inspect a model steamboat, 
of a new style of life-boat, not upon the Ofl&cial Cata- New iife-boat. 
logue. It is a quadruplicate boat, for it is alike at 
the top and bottom, and having a double hull, it 
may be capsized with impunity. It is provided with 
removable decks, with abundant clinging ropes, and 
appears to be an invention of great merit. Mr. 
Albert Baker, of Boston, its inventor, very cour- 
teously explains its peculiarities. Close by it, is 
another new and valuable contrivance, in Harding's 
Nautical Life-Bucket, which is also convertible, when Life-bucket 
empty, into a deck-stool. It is a simple contrivance, 
and exceedingly economical withal. 



A D A V J N THE 



Life-stoob. 



Clipper ship. 
Fire-arms. 
Siiip's blocks. 



^Military 
goods. 



Percussion 
caps. 

Porter's rifle. 



Court 4. 
"Whale giiii. 
"Whale lane.' 



Coifs 
revolvers. 

New rifles. 



Fire-armp. 



Signs; 

Silks. 
Rrocatelles. 



Tewksbury's patent life-stools, and other life-pre- 
servers, are also upon exhibition in this court. On 
the north side, among various models of vessels, is 
one of a full-rigged clipper ship. A case of beautiful 
fire-arms from Worcester, (Mass.,) models of top-sails, 
and ship's blocks, of various kinds, bring us to the 
opening of the court, where is a large central show- 
case containing a great variety of military goods 
from HoRSTiiANX & Co. of Philadelphia. It is sur- 
mounted by a crest or plume composed of swords 
and banners. Two or three cases of percussion-caps 
are displayed at the edge of the court, and here 
may be observed a case of Porter's revolving rifles. 
This rifle has a cylindrical box containing eight or 
nine charges, which, when attached to the barrel, 
revolves by means of the trigger, which caps and 
discharges the rifle by one motion. It may be fired 
with great precision nine times in jive seconds. 

Just below the rifles, within Court 4, is a curious 
object — a gun for shooting whales ! In the same 
case is a bomb-lance, for destroying the same sort of 
game. The visitor is now in front of one of the 
finest displays of pistols in the Exhibition. They 
are the world-renowned revjolvers«of Colt. Many 
of them are of exquisite and costly finish. Shaip's 
patent rifle, Whitney's percussion rifle and new pa- 
tent revolving pistol, and a varied collection of fire- 
arms, some of them breech-loading and self-cleaning, 
from the Marston Fire- Arms Company, may all be 
found within this court. 

In one corner of it — the south-east — is a good 
example, in great variety of styles, of sign-lettering, 
by Brandon. The middle and north side of this 
court are occupied by the few but showy silk fabrics 
of Class xiii. Most conspicuous, are the brocatelles 
of the Eagle Manufacturing Co., of Connecticut. 
They are displayed in the piece, and also upon a sofa 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 29 

and a set of chairs, and will compare creditably with 
many of the foreign examples of furniture silks. The 
fringes and tassels exhibited by Crossley, are heavy Fringes, &c 
and of brilliant colours. A ease» of furniture silk 
brocades, damasks, and oniaments for churches, is Brocades, 
placed just out of Court 4, in another department. 
They are made by Neustadter. Within the court, 
again, is a rich display of national ensigns — the stars Ensigns. 
and stripes, the meteor flag, and the tri-colour, grace- 
fully blended. These are from Walker & Son, of 
New York. 

Passing towards the nave, we may notice an ex- 
tensive display of balls of silk twist from Gturney & Twist 
Co., of Kew York, oiled silk from Philadelphia, and oued sflk. 
a variety of silk manufactures from N'ewport, Ken- 
tucky. Here also is a case containing samples of 
raw silk from the manufactory of " Talabera de la Raw siik from 
Rayna," near Cadiz in Spain. With these we should ohina.*'^ 
mention a case of China raw and thrown silks at the 
end of the court. 

Our entrance into Court 4, is round a pyramid of Cotton 
spools containing coloured sewing-cotton, which in- ^'^^^ ^' 
troduces us to Class xi. of the Catalogue. This 
section will not detain the visitor long, unless it ^ 
may be one who has a special interest in bleached 
and unbleached sheetings and shirtings, long cloths. Varieties 
bed-tickings, ginghams, or printed calicoes. It is, goods, 
nevertheless, an important court, and contains very 
numerous specimens of improved cotton manufac- 
tures, from a dozen extensive mills. There are, 
among them, cloths and yarns from Southern fac- fabri^!™ 
tories which show that the producers of the cotton 
plant are becoming conscious of the facilities they 
possess for converting the raw material into fabrics. 
The north side of this court contains various exam- 
ples of hemp and flax manufactures, such as sail Hemp and 
cloth, shoe threads, ropes, and twines. There is also *^' 



sa 



A DAY IN THE 



Fireproof 
cordage. 



Cotton duck. 



Court 5. 



Drain pipes. 
Blates. 



Vitreous 
clay. 



Slate roof. 



Ligneous 
marble. 



Marbled iron. 



Silicious 
marble. 



a specimen of what the inventor — Professor Car- 
penter, of the Arkansas College — calls " apyritized 
rope." This is hemp rope saturated with a chemical 
solution which renders it fire-proof, no questionable 
advantage, it will be granted by all. 

Cotton sail cloth, or duck, is exhibited by the 
Boston Duck Company at the edge of this court, 
on the nave, passing which, and continuing on 
beyond the staircase, we enter Court 5. 

Here a totally different class of objects is found, 
referring us to Class xxvii. of the Catalogue. 
Beneath the stairs, upon the right hand, are numer- 
ous varieties of vitrified drain pipes from the Green- 
wich Pottery. Beyond them, are slates from Penn- 
sylvania — school and counting-house slates from the 
Kittakinny Slate Company, and a small house beau- 
tifully roofed with slate of the Blue Mountain variety. 

Opposite to these, and surrounding the entrance 
to the Police Ofiice, are numerous specimens of 
architectural ornaments in vitrified clay. Court 11, 
to the east, is fully occupied by similar works. On 
the right hand is another miniature house roofed with 
Yermont slate, and behind it, a beautiful display of 
columns, arches, mantels, and various objects in 
ligneous marble^ by which is meant wood covered 
with a composition resembling marble. These are 
exhibited by Freund & Co., of New York. -Near 
by, are specimens of marbled iron, not dissimilar in 
appearance to the ligneous marble. There are also 
pedestals, columns, slabs, and other articles of sili- 
cious marble — also a composition — displayed by the 
Silexian Marble Company. Of these various and 
remarkable imitations of marble it may be remarked 
here, that they can hardly be distinguished from the 
most exquisite variegated marbles ever wrouglit. 
They are, moreover, durable and economical. 

This court contains numerous displays of terra 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 31 

cotta in its adaptation to architectural ornaments, Terra cotta. 
such as window and door caps, sills, lintels, columns 
and arches. Terra cotta,. being a material of mod- 
ern date, is not yet familiarly known to the public. 
It is a species of earthenware, composed of potter's 
clay, fine sand, and pounded potsherds, well mingled 
and put into porous moulds in the form of a paste. 
When the water is absorbed, the form is taken out 
and baked at a high temperature. Young, Roche, 
and ToLMAN & Co. are exhibitors in this line, within 
the court, and from the window may be inspected 
further examples, erected outside the building, by 
WiNTTER & Co., of New Jersey. 

Belonging to the same class, and now close at 
hand, are works in Scagliola, or cement, by Farley. Scagiioia. 
Here also is a marble- air-tight coffin from Baltimore, barbie 

° coffin. 

Beyond this are centre-pieces, friezes, sofifets, capitals, piaster 
and other architectural ornaments in plaster, exhi- ^'•^a^^ents. 
bited by several manufacturers. A lyric centre-piece 
by Heath of Philadelphia is highly ornamented. 

Before dismissing this class, the visitor should 
inspect the lava-ware of Dr. Smith, of Philadelphia. Lava-ware. 
These are bottles and vases made from the slags of 
reducing-furnaces — hitherto entirely waste material, 
but now promising to be of considerable worth. 

The visitor has now reached Court It, a triangular Court it. 
space, of which the hypothenuse is a section of the 
glazed side of the building. Upon and beneath the 
table, stretching along this side and through Court 
22, and extending also through Courts 10 and 16 
south of 11 and It respectively, are found the multi- 
tudinous objects embraced in Classes ii., iii., and classes 
iv., of the Catalogue. The singular, though per- ^^ "^' ^ ^^* 
haps unavoidable, admixture which obtains of che- 
mical products, substances used as food, and raw 
materials, render it quite impossible to keep these 
classes distinct in this Manual. 



32 



A DAY IN THE 



Sugar and 
tobacco. 



Flour. 
Indian corn. 
Starch. 
Sugars. 

Preserves. 



M ustards. 



Flour. 



Wool. 



Cotton. 



Hemp. 



Meat-biscuit. 



Close to the north-east tower of the Palace stand, 
"cheek by jowl/' sugars and tobacco. Of the 
former are several kinds, from the plantations of the 
Rev. Bishop Polk, and the Hon. E, E. Kitteridge, 
of Louisiana ; and of the latter, samples of Kentucky 
growth. 

On the right hand, as we proceed, are edibles, in 
the shape of Ohio flour, and various preparations of 
Indian corn from Yonker's Mills, New York. Potato 
starch may be seen close by. On the counter, again, 
are Texas, and Louisiana sugars, made directly from 
the cane. Here are displays of pickles and alimen- 
tary preserves — tempting enough to make the house- 
keeper linger. Observe those delicious fruits pre- 
served in glass jars hermetically sealed. They are 
from Delaware. Mustard, of different varieties, and 
by rival producers, presents itself to notice. Ranged 
all along beneath the counter *are barrels, with little 
glass windows, revealing floair. Some of them are 
labelled " Flour," but give no visible sign thereof. 

Presently, among pickles, and spices, and cheese, 
and other edibles, we find samples of wool, and 
cotton, and flax. Of the former, Bicknell has 
remarkable specimens, — locks of great length and 
fineness. Yarious other specimens will commend 
themselves to the notice of the curious in this line — 
particularly small samples of the wool of the Thibet 
shawl and Cashmere goats, raised in South Carolina 
by Dr. Davis. Of cotton, there are examples of 
sea-island and upland varieties, — distinctions obvious 
enough in the very names. A remarkable boll of 
cotton, containing sixteen locks, is exhibited by G. 
D. Mitchell. There are various specimens of hemp 
from Kentucky and Missouri. 

Hereabouts the visitor may pause to notice the 
meat-biscuit exhibited by Borden. This is hard 
bread, made of flour thoroughly saturated with the 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 33 

extract of beef. It is pronounced by competent [Division a.] 
judges to be biglily nutritious, and took a council 
medal at London, in 1851. 

Just beyond this is one of the most curious and 
attractive objects in these courts. It is an immense Cylinder of 
mass of alum, obtained by crystallizing a solution in 
a large cylinder. The height of the mass is not less 
than six feet, and its breadth perhaps five feet. The 
sides are nearly one foot in thickness, and the interior 
presents a fine display of immense crystals. Although 
this object is distinctly labelled " Alum," we observe 
that nearly every one tests it incredulously, and pays 
it the tribute of a wry face. This, and a great 
variety Of chemicals (including large crystallized Chemicals, 
masses of the nitrate and sulphate of copper), stretch- 
ing for some distance under the glass wall of the 
Palace, are the production of Powers & Weight- 
man, of Philadelphia. Returning from a brief in- 
spection of these, and other chemicals displayed in 
front of them, the visitor should pass closely behind 
and almost around the alum rock, along a narrow 
pathway between chemicals and raw materials. 
Those two pyramidical bottles, with stoppers crowned 
by gilded eagles, contain, instead of cider, as they 
seem to do, only refined linseed oil. Notice here Linseed oil. 
that noble fleece which hangs behind them, whose a fleece, 
story is legibly told upon the card affixed, and need 
not be repeated here. 

Court 16 contains chiefly chemicals and drugs, as Drugs, 
temptingly displayed as human ingenuity could con- 
trive. Here are medicine chests, and all the para- 
phernalia of the materia medica ; but we question 
if the visitor has a taste for ipecac, or jalap, or 
calomel, no matter how beaS:tiful the bottle, or the 
box, in which the pill is displayed. Passing along 
the north side of this court we come to a case con- 
taining samples of stearine, of fleecy and waxy stearine. 

2* 



34 



A DAY IN THE 



High art. 

Greek Slave 
in steariue. 



Lard oil. 



Payneized 
wood. 



Wax. 



Shellac. 



Maize. 



Bice. 



Grain 



Statuary in 
sperm. 



Fig-paste. 



appearance. With a questionable appreciation of 
liigh art^ the exhibitor has done the Greek Slave in 
this exceedingly plastic material, thus ambitiously 
displaying both his wares and his artistic powers. 
A pair of Caryatides, in the same material, is more 
in keeping. 

Samples, next, of lard oil limpid enough to burn 
well, are exhibited, from Cincinnati. This oil is 
obtained from lard hy cold pressure. 

At the entrance of Court 10, is a stand upon 
which are exhibited various examples of Payneized 
wood, which is wood subjected to a process invented 
by Payne for rendering it comparatively indestruct- 
ible. These specimens, which are very satisfactory, 
are from works established at Rochester, N. Y. 

Traversing the north side of Court 10 — and pass- 
ing a case of bright-coloured wax in many forms, 
and another case, containing what the juveniles may 
readily mistake for molasses candy, but which is 
only shellac bleached and coloured by Zinsse & 
Marx — the visitor will be surrounded by objects of 
Class iii., excepting only, perhaps, a display of 
sperm candles. On the central table is an ingenious 
tableau of ears of Indian corn or maize, of more 
varieties than we had patience to count. There are 
various specimens of rice in the straw, from South 
Carolina ; and upon the south side and the ends of the 
table, varieties of oats, wheat, and other grain, from 
California, Texas, and other productive regions. 
The north-east corner of the court affords further 
examples of the fine arts. Here are busts of Wash- 
ington and of Webster in spermaceti, with back 
grounds of candles ! Is not this rather making light 
of sculpture ? A mass of crystallized sperma- 
ceti here, is a very pleasing sight. The fig-paste 
of Tateosyan seems as if it might be good, 
but visitors must not find " the proof of the pud- 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 35 

ding in the eating." We care not a jig for that. 

Here and elsewhere in this court are to be found Westem 
numerous bottles labelled " Sparkling Catawba," ^^^^' 
the produce of Ohio graperies. We cannot help "Sour grapes." 
prououuciug the wine "sour," and if any producer 
is aggrieved by our verdict let him make us swallow 
our words ! The Catawba is said to resemble the 
Rhenish wines. 

Transgressing the bounds of this Court, and tres 
passing upon the domain of cotton fabrics, is a barrel Flour, 
of polished black walnut wood said to contain flour. 

Prominent among the substances used as food 
in this court is tobacco in every form. If any are Tobacco as 
disposed to cavil at the classification, so are we ! ^^ " 
But here it is in the leaf and in the lump. Cigars 
with gilded tips — made, we presume, to look at — 
rise in pyramids, and the air around is redolent of 
Oronoco ! 

Fancy chocolates, and vermicelli — the latter re- EdiWeai 
sembling straw braids — Hotchkiss's farinas, and* 
Hecker's cereal manufactures, occupy the remainder 
of this court. Re-entering Court 16, on the right 
of the Payneized wood, we find ourselves surrounded 
by masses of brimstone, huge crystals of the prussi- Brimstone, 
ate of potash, camphor in layers, like those of jelly Camphor, 
cake, Shaker oils and extracts, from Enfield, Conn,, Shaker oils, 
fine crystals of saltpetre, Hotchkiss's oils of mint and Saltpetre, 
wintergreen, bronze powders from two manufacturers, 
ultramarine colours, Osborne's water colours, and Colours, 
various other articles of Class ii. As the visitor 
leaves this court he v/ill notice a remarkable piece 
of a grape vine of Southern growth. ^*^® ^^®* 

Passing out by the alum rock, and by the table 
occupied by Powers and Weightman's chemicals, 
notice beneath it a bale of the long moss peculiar to l^ng moae. 
the South, where it drapes the trees of the low 
country as if with banners. It has been found to 



A DAY IN THE 



Eefreshments. 



Scales. 



Nock*s lock. 

Lamps. 
Trowels. 

Levels. 

Locks. 
Steam flues. 



Household 
appliances. 



be available for upliolstering, and is an economical 
substitute for hair. 

Our review has brought us to the door of one of 
the eating saloons, where, if so inclined, the visitor 
may rest a few moments, and obtain some refresh- 
ment, before entering upon a new class of observa- 
tions. We have taken already a good many steps, 
and yet we have traversed but a small portion of 
the building. It will not be strange if fatigue should 
overtake many, long before one half of it is accom- 
plished. It is to be hoped that such persons have 
more than a single day to devote to the Exhibition. 

Just in front of the refreshment saloon, within 
Court 22, is a fine display of scales by Fairbanks & 
Co. These range from the capacity of counter scales 
to a platform capable of weighing 12,000 pounds. 
Their heaviest railway scales far exceed even the 
latter in capacity. Before leaving this point, the 
visitor may inspect and try the operation of Nock's 
'* patent escapement tumbler lock," which is applied 
to a door for no other purpose than such a trial. 
Beyond it are the mechanical lamps of Deucreux, 
and a case of steel trowels, innocent as yet of the 
sin of flattery, or plastering ! Watts's levels will 
attract the notice of those who like to make every- 
thing smooth, and the locks of the Lewis Lock Co. 
seem adapted to suit the fast men. Here are water- 
cocks, gas and steam flues, by Griffiths of Phila- 
delphia, and various other articles ; are they not all 
included in the chronicles of the Official Catalogue, 
at Class xxii. ? 

Entering Court 15, we find it occupied on the 
right hand by Windle & Co. with a display of house- 
furnishing articles in formidable variety. Their pla- 
nished tin-ware, exhibited in a central show-case, 
deserves notice. Several water-coolers, ornamental 
as well as useful, from Baltimore, next present them. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 37 

■ 

selves. Here, also, is au ice-cream cliurn, bearing Class xxii. [ 

the siornificant label, " Throuo'h in six minutes." It 1 

is also from Baltimore. Siedhof s atmospheric lamp 
presents a novel appearance ; and close around and 
beyond it, are the lamps and chandeliers of Dietz & Lamps, &c. j 

Co. Patrick's Defiance Safes cluster in the centre Defiance safes. j 
of this court, while, upon the south side, Cornelius, : 

Baker & Co., of Philadelphia, make a most brilliant : 

display of their lamps and gas-fixtures. To this Gas fixtures. \ j 
house belongs the credit of introducing a new era in i 

the line of their manufactures in America. The / I 

bieauty and variety of their patterns, and the sub- 
stantial elegance of their work, entitle them to dis- i 
tinction. Near by, the jN'ew Jersey Bronze & Plate i 
Works make a -fine display of gilt metal cornices Cornices, \ 
and mouldings. Walker exhibits " patent safety i 
lamps," in which (if in any contrivance) that dan- Gas lamps, 
gerous fluid, camphene, or spirit-gas, may be burned j 
with safety. j 
Before reentering Court 21, Holmes & Bltler's '. 
Bank Lock deserves a passing glance. Just within Bank lock. I 
the court may be found sheet-brass, in rolls and sueet-brass. J 
plates, from Connecticut, and two fine collections of ] 
cabinet locks. Among the objects on the counter, Locks. i 
are Brown's patent self-heating iron, and Arnold's 
lantern and foot-stove combined. Approaching 
again the refreshment saloon, we pass a corner occu- 
pied by sundry cases of hardware, among which are 
fine brass and copper wire ; two contributions of Brass wire. , 
those useful little articles which disappear so myste- 
riously, and are called pins ; superior tools for piano- Pins. ' 
forte makers ; and tools of various kinds from the ' 
Ohio Tool Company. Last, but not least, is Pleis- omo tools. 
chel's Electric Alarm Lock, a curious piece of ; 
mechanism, which it would be dangerous for a Alarm lock. ] 
burglar to tamper with — since, when improperly ap- j 
proached, it rings, by electric action, a loud alarm. | 



38 



A DAY IN THE 



Furnace 

registers. 



Class vii. Arranged along the wall of the Palace, to the 

right of the saloon, and extending to the entrance 
of the Machine Arcade, are various objects, which 
the visitor may now, perhaps, conveniently inspect 
in their order. There is, first, an extensive variety of 
ornamental registers and ventilators for parlours, 
from two manufacturers. These contrivances are of 
modern date (since the era of grates and hobs, with 
the social delights inseperable therefrom), and are 
in keeping with the external elegance of the times. 
Culver's collection is the more extensive ; but that 
of TuTTLE & Baily is not behind in variety and beauty 
of design. Immediately opposite, are various other 
architectural contrivances, such as improved window 
sash, exhibited in three different models ; a new mode 
of shutting doors ; a new door-alarm ; and a model 
of a house, with Otis's insulated lightning-rod attach- 
ed. Hereabouts is a platform, covered with oil-cloth, 
upon which a dozen persons at once may be weighed, 
by the New York Scale Makers' Co., who generally 
have an obliging attendant at their compact and 
excellent apparatus, and who, by the way, is seldom 
idle. Continuing along the wall range, we find 

Wood turning. D OUGHT y's excellent Specimens of sawed scroll and 
turned wood-work, such as stair-newels, banisters, 
brackets, &c. Close by, are the well-made and 
shapely oars of Page. Next to these, Dorxbrach 
exhibits models of a patent pine floor, put together 
without nails or visible joints, and highly ornamental 
in its appearance. Models of zinc roofs, and various 
applications of that useful metal to architecture, are 
displayed by Leroy; and just beyond them are soap- 
stone furnaces, sinks, and stoves. Soap-stone, or 
steatite, is found abundantly iii the United States, 
and is remarkable for its capability of resisting heat, 
upon which account it is used extensively in the con- 
struction of fire-places. Retracing a few steps, and 



Windows 
and doors 



Otis's rod. 



Scales. 



Oars. 
Patent floors, 

Zinc roof. 
Soap-stone. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 39 

observing, as we pass, a yariety of soda water draw- Soda-water 

apparatus. 

ing apparatus, of showy designs, by Mathews, and a 
collection of planished and japanned ware, exhibited 
by Berrian & Co., we reach a group of objects in 
Court 25. There is a large platform scale from St. 
Louis, exhibiting some novelty of construction. Two 
of Lillie's " impenetrable safes" stand close by; while iron safes, 
very near are Emerson's ingenious ventilators, for 
the holds of ships. They are intended to take the ventilators 
place of the old funnel-mouthed cylinders of canvass, ^^^ ^^^^^' 
and have the great advantage of directing the cur- 
rent of air downward, no matter how the wind may 
blow. They are called " corresponding ventilators," 
two being employed — the one an injector, and the 
other an ejector. They were well received at the 
London Exhibition. There is a small model of the 
ventilators, to show their operation, by blowing upon 
the injector. A pyramid of packages exhibits the 
mode of putting up goods in New York for the in- Bales for 
terior of California. Butterworth's burglar and 
powdeT'proof lock, reveals a system of interior works Bank lock, 
apparently complicated enough to puzzle the old 
Hobbs. It stands upon a Philadelphia iron safe, 
which is completely thrown into the shade by a iron safes, 
mammoth and highly ornamental "Salamander" 
near by. It appears like a small house on wheels, 
and might be a safe retreat for not only the valua- 
bles of a bank, but for its officers thrown in. It is 
in striking contrast with an old, weather-beaten safe An old safe, 
of Wilder's patent, which bears upon its defaced 
forehead the inscription, " $100,000 preserved in 
this safe." The door isi, open now, and the money 
not there. It tells a tale of the past — of the great 
New York fire of JSTovember, 1851. 

In a corner of the same court, Dardonville dis- French lamps 
plays lamps, chandeliers, bronzes, &c. The lamps Bronzes, 
are of the famous Carcel order, in which the oil is 



40 



A DAY IN THE 



Class xxii. 



Court 20. 



Mptallic 
coffins. 



Carriage 
springs. 

PhoenLx Safe. 



Household 
appliances. 



Tools for 
tinsmiths. 



Cast steeL 
Patent files. 



Rockwell's 
patent clasp 
for bedclothes, 



N«w spring. 



pumped up, drop by drop, to the wick, thus promo- 
ting and sustaining thorough combustion, and pro- 
ducing the finest oil light conceivable. 

While entering, at this point, into Court 20, the 
eye will be arrested by the sight of funereal trap- 
pings. Raymond's metallic burial-cases, with their 
solemn drapery of black velvet, suggest grave 
thoughts. Of all the receptacles yet devised for 
the remains of the dead, these seem, to us, the least 
associated with repulsive ideas. 

At the right hand of the court are carriage springs, 
from Xew Jersey, and a further variety of hardware 
articles. The centre contains a Phoenix Safe, man- 
ufactured by Holmes & Butler. One corner is 
•occupied by Smith & Bro. with an extensive assort- 
ment of household articles — from a mangle, or a 
roasting-jack, to a biscuit-roller or a tea-bell. Dis- 
regarding a piano-forte, which pushes itself into the 
western extremity of the court, and retracing a few 
steps, the south-west corner presents to view a col- 
lection of odd-shaped instruments, shining with japan 
black, lacquered brass, and silver plating, accom- 
panied by huge steel shears. These are tinners' ma- 
chines, made by Roys & Wilcox, of Berlin, (Conn.) 

Crossing the court, by a table covered with bars 
of cast steel, we find a case exhibited by Rockwell, 
where, besides patent files for newspapers, and patent 
save-all candlesticks, there is a handsome little ma- 
hogany bedstead, with two rosy-cheeked wax babies 
lying asleep and snugly covered by bedclothes, 
which, if they were ever so much alive and wakeful, 
they could not possibly "kick off," because they are 
. confined by Rockwell's patent clasp. What a relief 
to anxious mothers, in the cold nights of winter, 
such a contrivance as this must be ! Notice here a 
new-fashioned carriage spring, exhibited by Wright 
& Co. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 41 

Re-crossing the court, observe those long rows of 
merry sleigh-bells, whose tinkling music rings in the sieigh-beiis. 
ear of memory, or suggests to the imagination scenes ' 
of wild frolic and fun among the white drifts of the 
winter. We are now in Court 19, and in front of Conrtig. 
us are polished steel squares and bright steel-headed Hardware, 
hammers, the manufacturers of which are represented 
by Douglass, of Kew York. A few moments may 
be well bestowed in the inspection of Jackson's bell Jackson's 
telegraph, or " annunciator." It is the best system 
of communication between the chambers of a hotel 
and the office ever contrived. When the bell . is 
struck from any chamber, a disc moves upon the 
dial of the annunciator, and reveals the number of 
the room. The disc is restored to" its place by a 
crank, only when the summons has been answered. 
' This court is chiefly occupied by cutlery and edge cutleey and 
tools. The table of knives and forks exhibited by ^^^^^-^o^^^- 
Garside, are noticeable for their handles of pearl and 
ivory, impressed with sharp and excellent medallions 
of various distinguished characters. Here are the 
sharp axes of Simioxs & Co. Their case of minia- Axes, &c 
ture axes and hatchets delights the boys, and may 
well recall the story of ' George and his hatchet' 
to our recollection. While speaking^ of miniature 
specimens, we must not quite overlook a case of 
very small and highly finished knives and forks, Liiiipntian 
scissors, and razors, which, it is conjectured, Mr. 
PooLEY designs for the use of the Lilliputians who 
are exulting over the captive Gulliver in the German 
department of the gallery. Appropriate to the col- 
lection, perhaps, but out of its class, is a knife-clean- 
ing machine. The New England Cutlery Company 
exhibit a fine array of pocket knives, the largest of 
which measures, when open, only nine feet, and Large knives, 
another, with half a dozen blades, might serve very 
well for the private use of Brobdignag. This Com 



42 



A DAY IN THE 



Knife Mith 
365 blades. 



Button-hole 

cutters. 



Saws and files, 

Pocket 

cutlery, 

COLLINS'S 

axes. 



Pistol-knives. 

Tom Tliumb's 
knife. 

Table knives. 
Shears. 

Augurs. 



Fine cutlery. 



Furniture and 
pianofortes. 



pany displays a knife which, contains 365 blad'es, a 
piece of ingenuity rivalled in kind only by the 
remarkable knife of Rodgers, in the English Courts. 
Here are highly polished shears for tailors, and a 
cooper's crose. Near by is a case of Walcott's 
graduated button-hole cutters, from the inspection 
of which we pass into Court 18, glancing, as we go, 
at a patent self-holding screw-driver. The remain- 
der of the objects in Class xx. are now before us. 
Here are saws and files in great variety exhibited 
by Ibbotson ; pocket cutlery by Sheehan, and also 
a very fine display by the Union Knife Company of 
Connecticut. Collins & Co, make an effective 
show of their renowned axes, adzes, cleavers, and 
other formidable edged tools. Crossing the court 
at this point, the New York Knife Company claims 
a few moments' attention to their excellent display. 
It embraces pistol-knives, instruments of no question- 
able utility to the traveller in the backwoods. Look 
sharply here for a Lilliputian knife, a three-bladed 
instrument only half an inch long. In the next 
cases are neatly finished table knives from Connec- 
ticut ; tailors' shears from two manufacturers ; and, 
displayed in cases on the walls, is a brilliant variety 
of long augurs, whose convoluted forms remind one 
of revolving glass in mimic fountains. These, also, 
are from Connecticut, which is already noted for its 
superior cutlery and edge tools. They are followed 
by axes and sledge hammers. A case of highly 
polished and richly mounted cutlery by Alviset, 
deserves more than a passing glance. 

Throughout the middle of the two courts just 
inspected are distributed some furniture and piano- 
fortes, which may be now advantageously noticed 
before we enter into the adjoining section. The 
piano just before us is made by McDonald, and is 
provided with a new reed arrangement called by the 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 43 

inventors the " Euterpean AttacTiment." It pro- Euterpean 

duces a full and pleasing tone. The next instrument 

is exhibited by Hazleton & Brothers. Jean Lau- Pianofortes. . 

KOTA has a pianoforte in showy case, with keys of 

pearl and tortoise shell. Beyond it is a variety of 

chamber furniture in papier mache, made by Ward, Chamber 

and at the opening of the court is a very handsome 

suite of bedroom furniture in white enamel, with 

gilded decorations. The walls of these courts are 

hung with decorative papers from iS'ew Bedford, Waii papers. 

Mass., and from Philadelphia. 

Our course is now by the nave into Court 12, Court 12. 
which, with other courts, is occupied by furniture 
and musical instruments. The first object which 
presents itself is a billiard table, made by Winant, Biuiard table. 
flanked on the right hand by a magnificently carved 
buffet in oak, by Bulkley & Herter, and on the left Carved buflfet, 
by furniture of great elegance from Dessoir, among 
which is a book-case in rose wood, fit for a palace. Book-case. 
A little further on, the centre is occupied bv a sofa Sofa and 

■^ chairs. 

and set of chairs covered with rich brocade. On 
the left is a handsomely carved side-board by Roche- side-board. 
FORT, and on the right, a handsome buffet from the Buffet, 
manufactory of Brooks ; a beautiful piece of wood Wood carving. 
carving in alto-relievo, by Plassmax, and a very 
elaborate gothic book-case of carved oak, by Bulk- Carved 
LEY & Herter. The only objection to the latter is, 
that space is sacrificed to show. Two or three dozen 
of Messrs. Putnam & Co.'s beautiful books occupy 
all its available space, while it would take -up the 
end of an ordinary library. This book-case intro- 
duces us to Court 13, further along on the east side Courtis, 
of which is a group of furniture from Boston, among Boston 
which are examples of well-applied ornament. There 
is a side-board, in black walnut, with elaborate carv- * 
ings of game and fruit ; a centre-table, and Siamese 
chair, also of walnut ; and a library chair, converti- 



44 



A. DAY IN THE 



Grand 
pianoforte. 

Billiard table. 



Pianofortes. 



Papier ruacb6 

Painted 
panels. 

Gilt 
mouldings. 



New violin. 

Harp. 
Guitars. 

Fautuell. 



Gilded 
chamber. 



Hall & Son's 
pianoforte. 

Melodeon. 



Dininsc table. 



ble into steps. In fi'ont of these objects, a showy 
grand-piano, of carved rosewood, bearing the name 
of J. Ruck, maker, is mounted upon a massive and 
elegant billiard table, made by Bassford — an econ- 
omy of space of doubtful advantage to either object. 

Here a row of pianofortes stretches east and 
west. One of these is noticeable for its case of 
papier-mache, profusely ornamented with pearl and 
painting. It is exhibited, with another in a florid 
case of rosewood, by Grovesteen. Across these 
instruments, we may inspect a group of articles in 
papier-mache, made by Evans & Milward. Close 
by, are various cases of musical instruments, panels 
of painted woods, specimens of gilt mouldings, and 
" a new method of transposing the musical scale," 
conspicuously displayed. 

Passing westward, observe, on the left, a new 
description of violin — the invention of Mount, the 
artist. He calls it the '' hollow back violin," and 
claims for it superiority of tone to the convex-back 
instrument. Brown exhibits a very handsome harp, 
by which are some guitars, from Pennsylvania. At 
this point, another beautiful billiard-table will turn 
the visitor's steps northward. Yield not to the 
temptation to sit down in the "Turkish fautueil," 
for the vigilant police will not allow you to touch its 
dainty covering of white brocade silk. Enter now 
the chamber decorated in pierre carton gilding, by 
Thomas & Brothers. The work exhibits tokens of 
great haste, and lack of finish. Within, however, 
there is a magnificent pianoforte, in a case of mot- 
tled oak wood, with a richly carved plinth, made by 
Wm. Hall & Son. Its tone is as superior as its 
finish. Here is also a very beautiful rosewood me- 
lodeon, by Prince. Besides these, there are choice 
specimens of furniture, by Hutchings. Beyond this 
chamber is a handsome extension diuing-table, in 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 45 

massive polished oak, by Hobe. Here may be seen 
a new style of bedstead, with pendulating berth or Ne^v 
shelf, admirable for crowded hotels. Some rustic 
furniture, of twisted and ornarled branches, with the Rustic 

' ^ . . , furniture. 

bark on, made by the Oneida Community, displays 
ingenuity and taste. A noteworthy object is an 
adjustable side-board, in oak. It is a pyramid of Oak sideboard, 
shelves, which may be depressed into an ordinary 
table. In this court are rich mouldings, by Black Mouldings. 
& Gramm. Gallantry forbids us to overlook an arm- 
chair, displaying elegant embroideries in Berlin wool, Arm-chair, 
by a lady. In returning, by the decorated room, 
into the region of musical instruments, we pass a 
case of violins which will repay the close attention YioUns. 
of the amateur. They are made by Gemunder, who 
received a prize medal at the London Exhibition for 
a Quarnerius violin. Neff displays, at this point, 
a quartette of stringed instruments. Beyond the Quartette, 
billiard-table are clarionets, by Lauter; accordeons. Clarionets, 
by Resch ; and banjos, by Jacobs. JSText to these 
are clocks and mirrors, in neat and ornamental iron Clocks. 
frames, from the Harlem Papier-Mache Works. 

The Palace Secretary, as its contriver calls it, is The " Palace 
a showy piece of furniture, of a most comprehensive 
order. Without being of enormous bulk, it contains 
a bedstead, bureau, writing-desk, book-case, ward- 
robes, silver-closet, and sundry other conveniences — 
the whole being surmounted by a musical and alarm 
clock. 

In .this vicinity are viols and violins, of admirable "Viois, &c. 
quality, by MmiioxT ; a melodeon, by Gardner ; Meiodeon. 
flutes, by Eisenbrandt ; and a musical novelty, in Flutes, 
the shape of a keyed violin, invented by Robertson, Keyed violin, 
upon which it is professed a novice may learn to play 
with great facility. 

A line of pianofortes here stretches eastward ; Pianofortes, 
and in front of them, beneath a blue canopy, King 



46 



A DAT IN THE 



Mechanical 
chairs. 



Invalid chair. 



Bedstead. 



Self-rocking 
cradle. 



Elegant 
furniture. 



Court 6. 

Chamber 
furniture. 



Rustic chairs. 
School desks. 
Iron furniture. 



"Window 
blinds. 

Pianofortes. 



"Wall papers. 



Imitation 
tapestries. 



& Sons exhibit a group of meclianical chairs, for 
motion and locomotion. Among them is a very ele- 
gant one, somewhat ostentatiously labelled as '' the 
chair in which the President sat at the opening of 
the Crystal Palace." Passing around the tent, we 
observe some elegant parlour chairs from Philadel- 
phia ; a patent invalid recline (which seems really 
well adapted to its purpose) ; a highly ornamented 
cottage bedstead, with floral decorations, from Hart, 
Ware & Co., of Philadelphia. At the foot of it is 
D. Walker & Co.'s patent self-rocking cradle, a 
pretty and useful contrivance for the nursery. On 
the right is a small court filled with rich furniture, 
made by Alex. Roux. A m'assive round table of 
polished walnut, and a carved side-board of the same, 
are particularly beautiful. 

We pass now into Court 6, to inspect on the left 
a suite of chamber furniture, made by Gschwind. 
It is painted of a deep rich colour — the tables cov- 
ered with warm-tinted marble, and the chairs with 
buff brocade. The drawers of this furniture open 
witli a spring — a very unquestionable advantage. 

On the right is rustic furniture for gardens and 
arbours, made at Yonkers, by Lachoume. Beneath 
the stairs is a variety of neat scliool-room furniture, 
and a neat sofa bedstead, of new construction, from 
St. Louis. An ornamental iron bedstead, toilet 
stands, and chairs, are good examples of this style 
of chamber furniture, made by Gillies. Ford's pat- 
ent window blinds attract a good share of attention. 
In the centre of Court 6 are two pianofortes made 
by Hallet, Davis & Co. — one of them a grand, and 
the other square, and both highly finished in rose- 
wood. Beyond these, and beneath the "wall papers 
of G OLDER, of Philadelphia, are examples of a new 
style of decoration. It is an imitation of the French 
tapestries, by chemical painting on cloth or satin. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 47 

The process is patented by the exhibitor, Leon court 6. 
Jarosson. The chief painting represents the Dis- 
covery of America by Columbus, and is a showy 
and brilliant work. 

Here we complete our survey of Division A upon The end of 
the ground floor, and have reached the centre, at 
the point whence we started. From the seats just 
at hdnd the Amazon has a fine effect — or, Powers's 
statuary may reasonably claim a little more atten- 
tion. The brilliancy which pours in through the 
eyes of the great dome is somewhat trying, after 
the subdued tone of the light in the interior courts 
of the Palace. 



48 



A DAY IN THE 



DIVISION B. 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



Manton's 
guns. 

Gilby's rifle. 



Court 1. Entering the Division occupied by Great Britain 

and Ireland, at Court 1, opening from the South 
nave, we are njet first by a colossal bust of the late 

Bust of Peel. Sir Robert Peel, modelled in plaster by Jones. Turn- 
ing then to the left side, two of the famous double 
guns of Manton will interest the sportsman, and at 
the same time he may inspect Gilby's rifle which loads 
at the breech. These objects are a little out of 
place in a section chiefly devoted to books and sta- 
tionery, but they are not the only instances of the 
kind in this Division, where the space granted and 
the objects contributed are frequently not in propor- 
tion to each other. On the middle line of the court 
will be found, for instance, immediately behind the 

Splendid book, bust of Peel, first, a magnificent volume entitled 
'' Scotland Delineated," superb alike in its binding, 
in its typography, and in its artistic features ; and 

Bray's harp, just beyond it, a double-action harp, in bird's-eye 
maple and gold, made by Bray, of Dublin, and next 

Oxford table, to this a Very beautiful table, in papier mache, orna- 
mented with views of Oxford. This is contributed 

Paimerston. by Spiers & SoN. A bust of PalmcTston, in marble, 
by Thomas Sharp, of London, succeeds, and brings 

Bohn's books, the visitor to a book-case which should be inspected 
in connection with one on the left side of the court. 
They contain the valuable contributions of Mr. Bohn, 
a prominent London publisher, whose name is known 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 49 

to every bibliopole in the world. The central case Splendid 

vol llTn6& 

contains treasures, in two volumes, in folio, of Selby's 
British Ornithology^ and four volumes, in folio, of 
the pictures of the Gallerie die Palais Pitti. These 
are two only, of several valuable works. In the side 
case are complete sets of five of the most popular 
and admirable series of books accessible to the reader. Popular 
They are denominated the Standard, Classical, Illus- 
trated, Scientijic, and Antiquarian Libraries, and 
embrace, altogether, nearly 200 volumes, in 12mo., 
of the choicest works in their respective departments. 
"We have dwelt a moment on this collection because 
it deserves to be known to all who are collecting 
libraries, both for its great merit and cheapness.'"'-' 
Beneath a frame of fine typographic specimens from Typography. 
Sheffield, are various books from Lumley of London. Books. 
GooDALL & Son's frame of playing cards exhibits a Playing 
great variety of new and beautiful patterns. Pol- 
lard's envelopes seem to be of an infinite variety and Envelopes, 
of superior quality. Just beneath the stairs will be 
found samples of fancy papers from ]N"ewberry of Fancy papers. 
London, and a frame containing some remarkable 
specimens of chromo-lithography, being five illustra- 
tions, printed in colours, of St. Patrick's famous bell St. Patrick's 
and its jewelled shrine. 

Advancing, at this point, into Court T, the visitor Court T. 
will find, facing him, a very attractive display of oil 
prints by the patented process of Baxter of London, Oil prints, 
and near by is a smaller tableau, exhibited by Da- 
vidson, the ISTew York agent. Here are the excel- 
lent black-lead pencils of Brookman & Langdon. Pencils. 
The centre of the Court is occupied by an extensive 
display of fancy stationery, and shell, pearl, and stationery 

1 , T . J , . and fancy 

papier mache goods. Among them are many speci- articles. 



* Messrs. Bangs, Brother & Co., of New York, are the agents of 
Mr. Bohn. 



50 



A DAY IN THE 



Court T. 



Steel pens. 



Piipers. 



De LA Kue'8 
stationery. 



mens of exquisite and ingenious workmanship. They 
are exhibited by Bainbridge & Co. 

The infinite variety of steel pens made by Gillott 
is illustrated in a corner of this court, and the curi- 
ous observer will contrast the mammoth pen of three 
feet in length with those not longer than a barley- 
corn ! The entire range hence to the nave is occu- 
pied by English paper makers and stationers. Hol- 
LiNGSwoRTH exhibits vast rolls of drawing paper 
showing the manner in which these fabrics are 
produced at the great mills. The display of sta- 
tionery by De la Rue & Co., of London, cannot 
fail to attract attention. Here are all descriptions 
of ornamented papers, envelopes, and visiting cards ; 
beautiful papeterie ; playing cards, exquisitely em- 
bellished ; fine morocco cases of various kinds ; 
gelatine papers, and a long catalogue of other arti- 
cles. The most novel portion of their whole display 
Pearl-tinted are the pearl-tinted envelopes and irridescent films 
irridisceiit for omaments. These are produced by the action 
of light upon extremely attenuated films of varnish 
■or oils. The splendid colours seen upon a vanishing 
€oap bubble are actually caught and made permanent 
upon paper. A drop of oil or varnish will spread 
itself over a considerable surface of water, producing 
there exquisite tints. By carefully drawing a piece 
of paper through the film, the rainbow hues are 
taken prisoners, and somewhat in this manner are 
the irridescent tissues of paper obtained. 

Bookbinders' cloths, or muslins, of all the gay 
colours and patterns we see upon modern volumes, 
are exhibited, by two manufacturers, in this court. 

Reaching Court 2, by the nave, we are at once 
among the textile fabrics of the United Kingdom, 
which extend through Courts 2, 3, and 4, fronting 
upon the nave, and also 8, 9, and 10, immediately 
Deubie courts, beyond them. The first two of these double courts 



papers. 



Captive 
colours. 



Cloths for 
bookbinders. 



Courts. 

British 

textiles. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 51 

are, for the convenience of exhibitors, bisected, and courts 2 
the visitor, in passing around them, must look both *° 
on the right and left hand. Unless we enter into a British textile 
full explanation of the processes of weaving, bleach- 
ing, and colouring the various fabrics of wool, cotton, 
flax and silk, which we shall find distributed through 
these courts — a history which would be out of place 
here — there is very little for us to say concerning 
them. Our review, therefore, will be only a rapid 
generalization. In the first section we find ourselves 
between showy damasks and table covers, on the Damasks, 
one hand, and brocatelles and worsted fabrics on the Brocateiies. 
other. The beautiful poplins and paramattas of popUns. 
MiDDLETON & Co., and the brocatelles and brocades 
of Grosvexor, will detain the fair visitor a few 
moments, while the gentlemen will probably turn 
rather to inspect a fine display of piano felt-cloth in piano felt 
all its varieties and forms, from the Wandle Felt 
Mills, or linger to admire the richly embroidered 
vest patterns of Hayward, the fine cloths exhibited vestings and 
by Sykes, and the cloths and cassimeres of Bull & * *'*^^* 
Wilson. In this section are fine and comfortable 
shawls from two or three exhibitors. The extremity shawis. 
of the line is occupied by an extensive variety of 
woollen fabrics of the coarser description, and here 
may be found a great display of woollen yarns. The Woollens 
southern section of the court displays on one side ^° ^*^°'' 
woollen, and, upon the other, cotton, linen, and 
mixed fabrics. Among the former are some superb 
buffalo cloths and beavers, made for Stewart & Co., Buffalo cloths, 
of New York. The broadcloths of York & Sheep- Broadcloths. 
SHANKS are excellent examples of English woollen 
fabrics, while,, the tweeds and fancy woollens of 
Brown & Co., and of Wilson, show the merits of Scotch cloths. 
Scottish manufactures. On the other side are some 
specimens of the excellent Wisbech cotton sheetings, Bneets and 
and over them, as appears perfectly natural, are ^^^^*'^- , 



62 



A DAY IN THE 



Linen goods. 



The Queen's 
arms. 



Irish poplins. 



Patent beaver 
cloths. 



Cloth fish 
pond. 



Flax fabrics. 



Irish linen 
manufacture. 



Fen ton's flax 
and linen. 



Table cloths. 
Fine linen. 



Linen and 
woollen table 
covers. 



Early's fine Witney blankets of English wool. The 
linen fabrics in this section are chiefly of the heavier 
kinds, as table cloths, sheetings, and towellings, and 
are all British manufactures. One fine table cover 
displays the arms of Queen Victoria in damask. 
Approaching the nave an extensive display of Irish 
poplins is made by the brothers Pim of Dublin. 
Here are single and double, watered and gold 
modern and antique, plain and fancy poplins, and 
other mixed fabrics of fine quality. Just opposite 
are Carr's patent beaver cloths, impervious to rain, 
and at the edge of the court, behind the statue of 
Sabrina, the visitor may see not only the wool of 
these cloths in every stage of the manufacture, but 
also a pleasing illustration of their impermeable 
nature, a basin of cloth filled with water in which 
toy fishes are floating. 

The next section (Courts 3 and 9) is occupied 
almost exclusively by the manufactures of flax for 
which Great Britain, and especially Ireland, is 
famous. The manufacture of linen was commenced 
in Ireland in 1624, and at the present time her looms 
yield perhaps the finest specimens anywhere produced. 

In Fexton & Son's cases are specimens of the 
flax plant, and of flax in the various stages of its 
manufacture, and also of exceedingly fine threads. 
Here, also, may be inspected linen fabrics of every 
texture, and in most varieties. An extensive dis- 
play of fine table cloths, of single and double damask, 
is also made by Kichardson, Sons, & Owden. The 
fine fabrics of Gihon & Sons extend on both sides 
of the partition wall in Court 9. At the upper end 
is a very large assortment of linen threads, and, 
near them, all descriptions of coarse and heavy linen 
fabrics. The visitor will notice, in passing towards 
the nave, the fine damask, silk and linen, and richly 
printed woollen table cloths of Dewar & Sons. The 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 53 

opposite side is occupied by Dunbar's linen threads Linen threads, 
in immense variety, and by fine linen fabrics from 
Dunbar, Dickson & Co. 

On the left hand of Courts 4 and 10, is a fine 
display of Jacquard figured silks, such as brocades, Jacquard 
silk tissue and brocatelles, suitable for upholstery. BrocateUes. 
These are exhibited by Houldsworth & Co., of 
Manchester, and constitute the principal feature of 
this section. Here may be found a case of beauti- 
ful crape and areophane fabrics from Courtauld & crape goods. 
Co., of London, and another of silk plushes from siik plushes. 
Booth & Pike. The latter are used principally in 
the manufacture of hats and bonnets. Hall & 
Nichols, of London, display every variety of silk Trimmings, 
trimmings and sewing silk. 

Upon the south side of Court 4, are displayed 
contributions from Sweden and Norway. These, swedknaito 
though few in number, are not without interest to ^^*^'^'*-"^- 
the visitor. There are specimens of Vasa-rye, native Yasarye. 
nickel, soap, and excellent stearine candles. The candies, 
principal objects, however, are wood carvings by -wood 
the Norwegian peasantry, of which there are numer- ^'"^^^ss. 
ous beautiful examples. Here, also, may be seen 
specimens of salt, oil, vinegar, and sabots, from Por- Poetxtgal. 
tugal, and, in close companionship, candles and soap 
from Spain. Some of the candles are curiously Spain. 
embellished. 

The next Courts, 5 and 11, are occupied by a 
large variety of stone and terra cotta ware, at pre- stoneware 
sent in most admired disorder. Here may be seen cotta. 
the pedestal of a huge Warwick vase, the latter, 
unfortunately, broken beyond repair, we suppose in 
its transit from the Old World. Here are fire bricks 
of all kinds ; drain bricks ; drain tiles ; roofing tiles 
and gutters ; all sorts of architectural ornaments in 
terra cotta ; water filters, vases, and jugs, of enamel- 
led stone. A great variety of these articles are from 



54 



A DAT IN THE 



Printing 
Telegraph 



Classes 

ii^ iii., and iv. 



the Lambeth Pottery of Doulton & Watts. There 
is one unmense stoue jar, to lift the cover of which 
is a tax upon one's strength. Without positive 
information, we can only conjecture that this is 
modelled after the famous oil-jars in w^hich the forty 
thieves were so neatly boiled to death by Morgiana, 
in the era of the Arabian Nights I 

In this section is one of the stands of House's 
Printing Telegraph, of which we shall have some- 
thing to say when we reach the other stand in 
another division. 

Passing beyond the region of pottery, the visitor 
will find himself in Court 17, where there will cer- 
Eibow room, tainly be no complaint of being crowded. Around, 
and before us, stretches a space only partially occu- 
pied. All along the side windows of the Palace — 
through Courts It and 22 — are displayed, at inter- 
vals, the objects embraced in Classes ii., iii., and iv., 
of Great Britain and Ireland. The appearance of 
this department is by no means imposing, though 
there are a few very remarkable contributions. Let 
the visitor glance at them, even up to the door of 
the southern refreshment saloon. 

There are some fine specimens of gelatine in pastes, 
sheets, and shreds, as, also, of British isinglass. 
These are followed by specimens of archil, and cud- 
bear, and lac dyes. Archil and cudbear are pro- 
duced from numerous lichens by steeping them in 
ammoniated solutions, and they are extensively used 
in dyeing textile fabrics. They yield all shades of 
violet, bine, crimson, and chocolate colours. 

Here are specimens of Royal Osborn Sauce, and 
upon a table, near at hand, is a large display of the 
famous Worcestershire Sauce of Lea & Perrins. 
Besides these, there is the Camp Sauce of Somerset- 
shire, and mushroom spawn — all of which are 
esteemed exquisite condunents by bons vivants. In 



Gelatines. 



Archil and 
cudbear. 



Bich BancoB. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 55 

the same category are mustards here exhibited. Mustards. 
Curious objects are the principles of aloes and coffee, 
respectively termed aloin and caffein, and exhibited Aioin and 
by SiiiTH, Brothers. They display exquisitely fine 
crystallization. Beyond these are numerous large Crystal 
crystals of copperas (sulphate of iron), and they are 
followed by a very interesting display of British in- British plants, 
digenous plants, ingeniously preserved by Kent. The 
mineral colours exhibited by Ellam, Jones & Co. Mineral 

•^ colours. 

are numerous and brilliant ; and the chemicals of 
Howard & Kent appear to be of exceedingly fine Chemicals 
quality and of great purity. 

Retracing now our steps into Court 16, we may Court 16. 
pause awhile before the grand tableau of English 
seeds and productions exhibited by Noble & Co., English seeds, 
of London. Upon the walls are coloured drawings 
of astonishino- turuii^s, wonderful beets, and carrots Mammoth 

vegetables, 

which might pass for golden walking-sticks if they 

were not so stout. Beneath them are innumerable 

specimens of seeds, capable of growing into the 

realization of the pictured wonders above, and all 

other descriptions of vegetables. What a sight is 

this for vegetarian societies ! They should vote a 

gold medal to the exhibitors if they could possibly Tribute due. 

fail of obtaining one from the jury. 

In the vast void around us here, we may discover 
three cases of preserved English flowers — two of English dried 

^ ° flowers. 

them botanically arranged, and the other for decora- 
tive effect, but all with great care and taste. 

A considerable amount of space is devoted in this Haedwake. 
Division to hardware, under which generic term the 
Catalogue includes wrought iron in every form, and 
all brass and pewter articles. This is, of course, a 
wide range, and brings together objects that are 
vastly dissimilar. The anvil of the blacksmith, or 
the sledge with which he plies it, is in striking con- 
trast with the polished needle, or the slender watch- Differences. 



56 



A DAT IN THE 



Class xxii. 
Court 15. 



Value of iron. 



Boiler tubes. 



Cutlery. 



Great carver. 



Pins and 
needles. 

Fish-hooks. 



Low Moor 
Iron "Work. 



Immense 
plate of iron. 



spring. There is a vast difference between the iron 
tea-kettle, and the tea-urn of planished tin ; or be- 
tween the brass fire-irons, and the superb chandelier. 
In this class, therefore, extremes meet — the rude and 
elegant, the cheap and the costly, stand side by side. 
The difference is entirely artificial ; it is the result 
of human ingenuity and human labour, here beauti- 
fully illustrated. Iron, the coarsest of all the metals, 
estimated by the importance of its relations to 
human industry and progress, is the most precious 
of all. It is one of the greatest elements in the 
prosperity of a civilized people, and it is not surpris- 
ing that it is one of the chief features of the British 
department. Entering Court 15, we pass a stand 
of iron tubing, described as lap-iuelded tubes, a 
name which indicates sufficiently the manner of their 
construction. Passing to the left, we find a truly 
magnificent display of cutlery and edge-tools by 
Turner & Son. Here are mammoth examples of 
the pocket-knife and razor, and a remarkable carver 
and fork, the handles of which are immense antlers 
of the stag, highly polished. The beauty and variety 
of this display is scarcely surpassed. Those minute 
but important specimens of iron manufactures, pins, 
needles, and fish-hooks, are here extensively and in- 
geniously displayed. An eagle, formed of fish-hooks, 
is certainly a novelty ; and beside it, we find stars 
and plumes of needles. The name of one of the 
manufacturers is also pointedly delineated in needles. 
The contributions of the Low Moor Iron Com- 
pany are varied and interesting. They inciude spe- 
cimens of iron in every stage of its manufacture, 
together with the coal and coke employed in its 
preparation, and examples of wrought iron subjected 
to immense power. The sign of this Company is a 
sheet of rolled iron, twenty feet in- length, five in 
breadth, and nearly an inch in thickness — the largest 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 57 

plate of iron ever rolled. Here may be seen a tire Court 15. 
of a locomotive driving-wheel, bent cold, and nume- Bent iron, 
rous examples of immense round rods of iron tied 

into knots when cold ! Knotted bars. 

Just opposite, is an extensive display of brass 
hardware, by Simcox, Pemberton & Sons, of Bir- Brassware. 
mingham. The collection embraces all descriptions 
of cabinet work, in brass, and in glass and china, 
with brass mountings, of which there are here dis- 
played many novel and beautiful specimens. Curtain 
cornices and decorations, in brass, are produced by Cm-tain 

' II- decorations. 

pressing or stamping sheet brass with steel dies ; 
and great elegance has certainly been attained in 
this branch of ornamental work. 

The application of galvanized tinned iron sheets Tinned iron 
to roofing, and the construction of gutters, pipes, 
&c., is here largely illustrated. The material being 
corrugated, combines great strength with lightness, 
and is not only fire-proof but rust-proof. 

At this point we may notice a case of stirrups stirrups of 
and saddlery hardware, exhibiting a variety of * ^'^'^^ "*^^' 
patterns, and intended for both home and foreign 
markets. Some of the styles of bits and stirrups are 
grotesque — the latter with immense spurs. These 
objects are all richly plated with silver. Saddlery 
hardware forms quite an item of the manufactures 
of Birmingham and its vicinity. To the left of this 
case we notice Brown's Conical Buffer-Spring, for Buffer spring 
railway carriages. It consists of a cylinder, in which °'" ^^' ^'^^^' 
a spring piston is fitted, and its utility consists in its 
power to counteract the shock arising from the stop- 
page of a train npon the rails. 

The files and rasps of Marriott & Atkinson are Files and 
of various patterns and fine finish. Crossing, here, ^^^^' 
to the. opposite corner of the court, we observe the 
fine display of rasps, files, and edge tools, made by 
TuRTON & Sons. In connection with these, it is 



58 



A DAY IN THE 



Prepared 

Eteel. 



interesting to notice the bars of steel tilted and rolled 



Saw i)late. 



Wrought 
Bteel. 



Chandeliers. 



Locomotive 
reverser. 



Tin ware. 



for their manufacture. 

Passing southward, we find a corner of Court 14, 
occupied by an immense circular plate of steel. It 
is nearly seven feet in diameter, and is designed for 
a circular saw. This, and long sheets of steel for 
cross-cut saws, and various specimens of fine wrought 
steel, are exhibited by Jessop & Sons, and add to our 
already numerous examples of Sheffield manufactures. 
Beyond these, is a fine display of chandeliers from 
Birmingham, of elaborate workmanship applied to 
several highly artistic designs. On a centre table, 
at the right hand, there is quite a variety of objects, 
Miner's lamp, amoug which are gutta percha skates, a new mining 
lamp, an ingenious plan for reversing locomotives 
on railway tracks, specimens of iron rails, of differ- 
ent kinds and calibres, files, and prepared steel. 
Opposite to these, is a large variety of planished tin 
ware, and general household utensils ; leaving which, 
upon the right liand, the visitor may pass into an 
Eastern court to inspect the remainder of the British 
hardware. A case of machine wires, used in the 
manufacture of paper, is exhibited at this point. 
Here, too, are found iron chains of immense size, 
adapted to mining purposes, and to form the cables of 
the largest ships ; and, behind them, more lap-welded 
tubes for steam boilers, and wrought iron in a hun- 
dred different specimens. 

Thornton & Sons exhibit curious brass candle- 
sticks and gas burners, with a collection of kitchen 
utensils. Among the latter, may be found a patent 
roasting-jack, with self-acting baster and reflector. 
This is the invention of a lady. An improved variety 
of steel wire, for musical instruments, may be seen 
opposite to a frame of lap-welded tubes, of all sizes. 
Displayed upon the wall space of this section, is a 

Ordnance nnap i .' r i ' 

of Lancashire, magnificent OrdnaucG map of Lancashire, one of the 



Machine 
wires. 

Iron chains. 



Lap-welded 
Iron tabes. 



Novel 

gas burners 



Patent 
roaster. 

Steel wire. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 59 

contributions of the Britisli Government. Two cases 

of bright steel instruments, which might easily be 

mistaken for bayonets, are, on the contrary, emblems 

of peace, being spindles and flyers for spinning Spindiesand 

machinery, made by Preston, of Manchester. ^^"* 

The visitor will pass, here, to the inspection of a 
mantel-piece, a font, and tables, made of Derbyshire Marbles of 
marbles, which are all examples of carboniferous ^^^^y^hire. 
limestone, and exhibit various colours, according to 
the metallic oxides with which they are combined. 
The black marble is very beautiful, and is much Biaek marble, 
employed. The specimens of inlaying, or mosaic Mosaic work. 
work, here exhibited, by Tomlinson, of Ashford, are 
exceedingly beautiful. An immense and attractive 
variety of vases, cups, and other articles, in Derby- 
shire marble, is displayed to the very verge of this 
section, upon the East Nave. The British Ordnance 
maps of Wigtonshire, and Dublin, overhang these Ordnance 
objects. Along the centre of the section, Sutcliffe, ^^^^' 
of Birmingham, displays tables, screens, trays, cabi- 
nets, and other objects, in papier mache, and japan- Papier mach6 
ned work. The opposite side of the court is occupied ware^^^"^ 
by tables, vases, and numerous other objects, in plain 
and mosaic Derbyshire marbles. The fluor spar, Fluorspar, 
(fluate of lime,) commonly called ''Blue John," is 
an exquisite variety of these stones, and is highly 
esteemed for its fine colour. The wall of this section 
is hung with the splendid Ordnance map of England Map of 

^ -rrr i ^ England and 

and Wales, Wales. 

Upon the same table with these vases, are some 
fine septarias ; two chess-boards, of mosaic marble ; ^^ * 
a table-top, ornamented with illustrations of Shaks- in'stone!*^'^ 
speare's Seven Ages, in chromo-lithography ; and two 
concertinas. The concertina is a very sweet instru- Concertinas, 
ment, of the accordeon kind, deficient, however, in 
forzando effect. At the edge of the court, may be jj^j|^^ 
found a new system of railway signals, signals. 



60 



A DAY IN T II E 



Machinery. 



Furniture 
courts. 



Stodart's 
pianofortes. 



"Wall papers. 



Papier macb6 
furniture. 



Papier mach6, 
how made. 



Polishing. 



" The Day 
Dreamer." 



Leaving the machine courts of this division to be 
inspected in connection with the Machine Arcade, we 
turn our -steps westward. 

Courts 12 and 13, form a section occupied by 
furniture a-nd pianofortes. Entering from the nave, 
we find a group of the latter just before us — 
comprising a grand, square, and upright — from the 
manufactory of Stodart & Co., of London. They 
are chaste examples of Englisli walnut furniture, in 
the Louis Quatorze and Elizabethan styles. Upon 
the left hand, are specimens of wall papers, with 
illustrations of the manner of printing them from 
successive blocks. Upon the opposite side of the 
court is another display of printed papers, for deco- 
rative purposes — embracing several elegant patterns 
— from Solomon & Hart. The papier macho fur- 
niture, and other articles, exhibited by Jennens & 
Bettredge, will next attract the attention of visitors. 
They are numerous, and of remarkable beauty. This 
house is celebrated for its papier mache fabrics, and 
holds a patent for a superior process of inlaying with 
mother-of-pearl. 

The manufactures of papier mache are so nume- 
rous, and so generally difl'used, that some account 
of the methods employed may not be without general 
interest. Common papier mache is nothing more 
than pulp of paper pressed dry and hard in moulds 
The superior quality is made by covering a frame or 
model with successive layers of porous paper, which 
are allowed to dry and hsfrden. The article is then 
covered with varnish, which is polished with rotten- 
stone, and, finally, with the hand, to give it a high 
finish. It is then ready for the pencil of the artist. 

Prominent among the contributions under notice, 
is a very beautiful easy-chair, not inaptly called 
" The Day Dreamer." It is decorated with figures 
and emblems illustrative of sleep and dreams. There 



NEW YORK C K Y S T A L PALACE. 61 

is also a tete-a-tete lounge, various exquisite tables, Tete-a-tete 
and, in the south end of the section, a variety of °" °^' 
cabinets, boxes, inkstands, &c. The centre of the Tables, &c. 
section is occupied by a remarkable display of furni- Elegant 
ture by Morant & Boyd. There are numerous ^'^^^i*^^®- 
tables, two of which are worthy of particular notice. 
One of these is called " the Swan table," and the Swan table. 
other "the Stork table" — names, the fitness of which stork table. 
will be apparent when they are seen. The latter 
table has a top of painted glass. There are also 
console tables, cabinets, jardinieres, screens, and tri- caWnets, &c. 
pod stands. 

They exhibit, beside these, a specimen of interior interior 
decoration in the elaborate style of Francois I., and ^^^^^ ^°"* 
illustrative of both the pictorial and plastic arts. 
There is, on the opposite side of the court, a beau- 
tiful cabinet of zebra wood, the panels of which are Cabinet of 
painted with four illustrations of woman's history ^^ ^awoo . 
Messrs. Arrowsmith are the makers and exhibitors. 
The ''Shamrock Table" is an object of interest, "Shamrock 
being constructed of thirteen of the rarest Irish ^ ®' 
woods. The centre represents an Irish harper. 

Behind a collection of papier mache, and fine 
japanned articles, is a large mirror, displayed in a 
frame of carved wood, which Js one of the most re- Mirror frame 
markable works in the Palace. The whole frame is J^ooTby 
composed of wreaths of flowers and grapes, executed ^^geks. 
with a wonderful grace and freedom. It is the work 
of Mr. Rogers, of London, who has several other 
exquisite examples of wood-carving on panels and Exquisite 
cups in the Exhibition. His works are very highly ^'^^^^^s^- 
esteemed in England, and fully revive the rare de- 
gree of excellence displayed in the art, by Grinling 
Gibbons of another age. 

Before leaving this court, tlie visitor will notice 
a truthful and finely-chiselled bust of Jenny Lind, Bust of 

, . 1 , Jenny Lind. 

by Durham, and a statuette, m marble, represent- 



62 



A DAY IN THE 



Statuette. 



Altar-piece. 

Daniel 
O'Connell. 

Sheffield 
manufactures. 



Edge tools. 



Great razor. 



Steel plates. 



Machine 
ruling, 



Fine cutlery. 



Busts of 
O'Connell 
and Father 

Mathew. 



Cutlery. 



Keedle eyes. 



Imported 
cutlery and 
eporting 
accoutre- 
mcnta. 



ing " Olivia raising the veil," by Kirk of Dublin. 

Passing out of this section to the eastward, by a 
carved altar-piece, with exquisite painting of the 
Madonna, the visitor enters the department of cut- 
lery, in front of a marble bust of Daniel O'Connell. 

The beautiful steel manufactures of Sheffield are 
here displayed in profusion. The exhibitors seem to 
have vied with each other as to who should produce 
the most beautiful effect with his manufactures. 
First, are the edge-tools of Howarth, with a mam- 
moth chisel, elaborately ornamented. In Jackson's 
case (just opposite) is a giant razor, as the exponent 
of the sharp instruments around it. The visitor will 
notice some large and highly-polished plates of steel. 
They are engravers' plates ; and among them is one 
ruled, as it is termed — a process performed by 
machinery, and producing the fine lines seen in the 
upper part of a steel engraving. Hargreaves next 
displays a splendid assortment of knives, razors, 
scissors, and fine tools, and is followed by Marsh & 
Brothers with an array fully as beautiful. 

At the edge of the court, upon the nave, are two 
busts, in marble, the one of O'Connell, and the other 
of Father Mathew, both executed by Christopher 
Moore, of London. Between them, is a case of 
beautiful pocket-knives. Upon the opposite tables 
and wall space, are exhibited further specimens of 
cutlery ; also, needles, crochet-needles, stilettoes, 
percussion caps, and fishing tackle. Near by, is an 
upright case, in which are displayed, behind magni- 
fying lenses, fine hairs, perforated, and threaded into 
themselves. These are exhibited, by a needle manu- 
facturer, as examples of the delicate process of making 
needle eyes. 

In anothej section of Court 6 — which may be 
entered at this point — are extensive displays of fine 
cutlery, guns, ammunition, and sporting accoutre. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 63 

ments, both by manufacturers and importers. The 
last object to be observed in this department, is a 
magnificent sportsman's knife, made by Rodgers & Rodgers & 
Son. The handle is twelve inches in length, and it nmVsSfe.' 
contains eighty blades, and other instruments. Upon 
one side of the handle, which is of mother-of-pearl, 
is embossed, in alto-relievo, the boar hunt, and, upon 
the other side, the death of the stag. The blades 
are etched with views of English and American 
cities. It is a very remarkable piece of workman- 
ship, and justly attracts much admiration, as it did 
also in the Crystal Palace at London. 

Here we complete our review of Division B., and End of 
must now cross over to the south-west division of the 
Palace. 



64 



A DAT IN THE 



DIVISION C. 



BELGIUM, GERMANY, AND FRANCE. 



Division C, 
('ourt 1. 



Fire-arms. 



Percussion 
caps. 



Belgittm. Glancing the eye upward, to the point where the 

South nave merges into the centre, the Belgian 
colours will be recognized, and, passing beneath the 
flag, to the left of Fraikin's fine model of a Psyche, 
we stand within Court 1, of Division C, which, to- 
gether with its subsequent Court (7,) is occupied by 
the contributions from Belgium. We are in the 
midst of arms, and ammunition, from various contri- 
butors. The stand of double-barrelled guns, and 
pistols, at the edge of the court, is exhibited by 
Falisse & Trapmann, of Liege. The long show- 
case, within the court, containing, besides numerous 
pistols, every description of percussion caps, and 
their corresponding nipples, and another stand of 
military arms, still beyond it, are also from these 

Military arms, exhibitors. Amoug the military arms, are Russian, 
Swiss, Norwegian, Prussian, Belgian, and Spanish 
guns. A stand of rifles must be included with all 
these, making the most extensive assortment of arms 
contributed by any foreign manufacturer. The left 
hand side of the court is entirely occupied by guns 
and rifles, and gun hardware, exhibited principally 
by Petry, of Liege. Schepers, and L'Honneux, 
both, also, of Liege, exhibit a variety of guns, near 
the entrance of the court. 

Proceeding into Court T, we encounter an im- 
mense variety of brushes, for every conceivable 



Rifles. 



More 
fire-arms 



Court T. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 65 

purpose, from Somz^-Cadet, of Liege. Here are Brushes, 
house brushes ; railway brushes ; long cylindrical 
brushes for cloth manufacturers ; military brushes, 
and door-step brushes. At the end of this large 
collection is a tempting display of loaf and crystal- 
lized sugars from Ghent. The centre of the court Sugars. 
is occupied by glass and earthenware. In a recess, Glassware, 
to the right, is an extensive display of spikes and Nails and 
nails. ■ ^P^^^^- 

In the extremity of the court are curious cloths 
of aloe-fibre, of two surfaces, some of them appa- Aioe-fibre 

cloths 

rently interwoven with silk. They are used in the 
same manner as horse-hair cloths for furniture. Dis- 
played, at some height upon the wall of this court, 
are tapestry carpetings from Tournay; fine specimens Tapestry 
of varnished leathers from Brussels ; muffs, pelerines, ^^^^ ^ ^ * 
and natural furs, from Ghent ; while below these, Leathers 

, , and furs. 

and upon tne tables, are woollen shawls and dress 
fabrics from DEMOORivruYs, of Lookeran, and mixed v^^ooiien 

fabrics 

wool and cotton stuffs from Schmidt & Co., of ' 

Brussels. Upon a table, near by, are displayed 
samples of chemical colours, purified rape-seed oil, Chemicals. 
and starch. 

In another corner of this court are neat and sub- cow-hatr 
stantial-looking carpets, made of cow-hair ; hemp ^'^'"p^^^- 
canvas, of immense width ; and excellent blankets canvas. 
— the latter a portion of the woollen fabrics con- ^^*"^®*^ 
tributed by De Keyser, of Brussels, and chiefly 
displayed in Court 1. 

As we re-enter that court, we may notice a curious 
apparatus for watering all descriptions of grain. Grain 
extensively used in Europe. Just within it is a 
collection of volumes, printed and illustrated in Printed 
Brussels, and exhibiting both typographic and artis- ^^ ^' 
tic excellence. 

Some fine cloths, manufactured by Simonis, at Fine cloths. 
Yerviers, may be noticed here ; and a little further 



66 



A DAY IN THE 



Lace fabrics. 



Costly 
handkerchief. 

Corsets. 

Linen threads. 
Black marble. 



Musical table. 



Mirror frame 
in bronze. 



Stocking 
machine. 

ZOLLVEREIN. 

Court 2. 



Bronzes. 



Bust of 
Victoria. 



Saxony cloths, 



on, occur the lace fabrics of Brussels, renowned all 
over the world for beauty. Those of Sophie Du- 
FRENNE are particularly beautiful, including a hand- 
kerchief valued at $500. The ladies may notice as 
attentively as they please, the "nymph corsets" of 
Mme. Burger. Jelie, of Alost, exhibits fine linen 
threads. A slab of polished black marble, curiously 
engraved, by leaving the design in relief, is a good 
example of stone-cutting. 

A principal object of interest in this department 
is the musical table of Lacroix, from Yerviers. The 
mechanism is hidden beneath the marble slab, and is 
wound up like an ordinary musical box. Hanging 
at the entrance of Court V, and well seen from the 
piano-table, is an elaborate mirror frame, cast in 
bronze, Belonorino; to Belgium, but exhibited near 
the Machine Arcade, where we shall by and by 
encounter it, is a stocking knitting machine, invented 
by Jacquix, of Brussels. 

Our view of Belgium thus completed, we pass 
under the flag of the Zollverein, and, entering Court 
2, the woollen fabrics of Germany are spread out 
before us. Before inspecting them, we may observe 
some pleasing examples of bronze castings, from 
Geiss, of Berlin. They are two small works — the 
one a boy, and the other a girl, playing with a dog. 
Another bronze statuette represents a girl with a 
parrot, by Yollgold, of Breslau. Just above this 
work is a marble bust of Queen Yictoria, by Carl 
Baratta ; while, on the table below it, are samples 
of hunting percussion-caps from Wurtemburg. 

With these exceptions, the entire court is occupied 
by Prussian and Saxony cloths in great variety, and 
from such a number of exhibitors, that to name them 
would make our summary a catalogue. This is ren- 
dered needless by the showy display of the manufac- 
turer's name and address upon each different contri- 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 67 

bution, A few moments will suffice for the visitor, Zoiiverein 

. ,- . _ , -11 . manufactures. 

not specially mterested m satm cloths, cassimeres, 
drap d'ete, and merinoes, to survey the court. Pass- 
ing around into Court 3, some guns, and an exten- Courts, 
sive display of percussion caps arrest the eye. Above 
these is Baratta's marble bust of an Amazon. Amazon. 

The visitor may here, if so inclined, notice more 
closely the beautiful groups and pedestals of Berlin Berlin 
iron, mentioned in our view of the south nave. The '^^'^■^'^^^"g^- 
delicacy and beauty of the Berlin iron castings, are 
attributed to the presence of phosphorus in the bog 
ore from which the iron is obtained. All efforts to 
produce equal works with other iron, have proved 
vain. 

Court 3 contains velvets, silks, and fine worsted Textile goods, 
fabrics, which, however, afford us little scope for 
description. There are upwards of one hundred ex- 
hibitors, from the German States, in the five classes 
which comprehend textile fabrics — cotton, wool, silk, 
flax, and mixed goods. There are two examples in 
this court of pictures woven in silk. One represents pictures 
a tablet, on which is inscribed the last will of King ZiZ^^ ^^ 
Frederick III., and the other is the Grotto of Nep- 
tune — both curious and ingenious works. Perhaps 
the most extensive display of silks, velvets, and siiks, 
stamped ribbons, is that of Menghius & Brother, *^^ ' 
of Aix-la-Chapelle. 

We enter Court 4 among the fine castings of Courts 
Geiss, of which we find two examples not included 
with those of the nave. They are on the middle 
line of the court — a copy of the Warwick Yase, and Bronze vase. 
a fine statue representing "Adoration," from the "Adoration." 
antique. At the entrance of the court is a tableau 
of swords and side-arms ; and here, also, to make side-arms. 
good the precedent of the previous courts, is a col- 
lection of guns ; so that the German Courts may be 
said to be 'under arms.' The north side of this 'Underarms. 



68 



A DAY IN THE 



Court 4. 



Bust of our 
Saviour. 



Bronze font. 



Swords and 
daggers. 



Electro- 
copper-plate. 



Court 5. 
jETarcZ- ware. 
Seed drill. 



Conncll-house 
in Pose.n. 

Lithographic 
stones. 

Court 11. 

Nuremberg 
artisans. 



court is brilliant with furniture-velvets and damasks, 
which need no particular description. Near the 
end of the court is a colossal head of our Saviour, 
in marble, by Steinhauser. It expresses dignity 
and grace in a high degree. Beyond it is a font, in 
bronze, profusely embellished with gothic tracery. 
Upon the rim are inscriptions in German, which, 
converted into English, are, ^^ Suffer little children 
to come unto me, and forbid them not;^^ ^^He, then, 
that believes, and is baptized, shall be saved^ 

The opposite side of the court displays a large 
case of richly damascined swords and daggers from 
Solingen, in Prussia ; a great variety of canes, with 
various mountings, from Hamburg ; another collec- 
tion from Berlin ; violoncellos, manufactured by 
Glier, and a double bass, by Klemm. 

By stooping a little, the curious visitor may exam- 
ine a large electro-copper-plate engraving, probably 
produced, by electric deposit, from an impression of 
an engraved plate — a process of modern invention, 
which promises to bring the finest copper-plate en- 
gravings within the reach of all. 

Court 5 contains but few objects, and these of 
slight interest. Some specimens of "hard-ware" 
well deserve the name. Here is a seed-sowing ma- 
chine, which will find but small favour with our 
farmers, we fear, accustomed as they are to the 
ingenious and almost intelligent agricultural ma- 
chines of the Western World -! A model, in zinc, 
of the council-house in Posen, displays no very 
imposing architectural effect. Some very large litho- 
graphic stones are the only other objects in Court 5. 

Court 11, lying immediately west of Court 5, 
brings us into the region of the Nuremberg artisans, 
and we find an almost heterogeneous collection of 
articles, though the greater part of them are inclu- 
ded in Classes xxi. and xxii. of the Catalogue. In 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 69 

the centre of the court is a large and massive octa- 
gonal show-case of iron and fflass, the top ornamented, Ornamental 
With various figures, m papier mache, bronzed to 
resemble the iron of the case. These represent the . 
apostles. Within the case are displayed multitudi- 
nous objects, made by the Nuremberg Association of 
artisans. There are fine ivory carvinors, silver-plated "Varied 

'' ° ' ^ . contents. 

ware, compasses, morocco cases, meerschaum pipes, 
brass ware, port-monnaies, toilet cases, surgical in- 
struments and cutlery. 

The variety and excellence of German hardware German 

hardware 

and edge-tools are well illustrated in this and the and cutlery. 
adjoining courts. Boker, of Rhenish Prussia, and 
Blegkman, of Ronsdorf, exhibit nearly every con- 
ceivable variety of tools, of high finish. The brass Brass ware, 
curtain cornices and ornaments displayed by Keut- 
GENs are beautiful in design. Besides these objects 
are japanned ware by Rau & Co.; fine galvan- Japanned 
ized steel wire and needles ; and a collection of Galvanized 
scales, of various sizes, in brass, by Wehefritz. ^^^^* 
Needles, and a machine for drilling needle-eyes, are Needles. 
exhibited by Beissel's widow, of Aix-la-Chapelle. 
Here, also, is an ingenious machine for casting type. Type-casting 

_ (^ machine. 

from Saxony. 

Entering Court 10, to the northward, we pass Court lo. 
^between further examples of hardware and cutlery; 
and within the court is still another fine display of 
knives and edge-tools from the Hague. The principal Knives and 
contents of this court, however, are musical instru- 
ments. The cornets, valve-trumpets, and bass-horns Musical 
of Klemm are notable. In another corner are instru- 
ments from Pfaff and others, with a back drapery 
of brilliant furniture-damasks, made by Lohse, of Damasks. 
Saxony. In the opposite corner are numerous other 
musical instruments, with a back-ground of velvets Velvets. 
and shawls from Berlin. There is a small organ, of Organ. 
novel construction, from Wurtemberg. In the centre 



70 



A DAY IN THE 



Bronze Hebe. 
Ivory carving, 

Court 9. 

Velvets. 
"Woollens. 
Court 8. 
Cloths. 



Drugs and 
edibles. 

Cbicory. 



Pine wool. 
Pine oil. 



•■ Moth-proof' 
Miattresses. 

Bad-isb hops. 



Bone oils. 



SnnflP ana 
tobacco. 



Snuffs and 
snuffers. 



Linen goods. 
Seamless hose. 



of the court is a cast, in bronze, by Geiss, of Cano- 
va's Hebe. An exquisite piece of alto-relievo carv- 
ing, in ivory, hangs upon the south side of the 
organ. 

Passing through Court 9, on the right-hand side, 
we notice velvet, half-velvet, and other furniture 
stuffs, with a variety of woollen dress fabrics, occu- 
pying the entire range. In Court 8, continuing up 
the right side, we find cloths on the walls, and on 
the counters, objects of a very different class. Here 
are drugs, raw materials, and edibles, in curious 
juxtaposition. Specimens of chicory — a poor sub- 
stitute for coffee — are in contact with " pine needle 
wool," a curious product of the needles or leaves of 
the pine-tree. Here is also the oil of the " wald- 
woll," as this material is called, said to possess 
medical virtues ; and in the centre of the court, are 
mattresses made of this singular wool, which are 
" moth proof." Yarious specimens of hops are 
labelled " Badish," a term which probably indicates 
their origin, rather than the quality ! Displayed in 
the same group, are refined oils obtained from bones, 
and capable of resisting intense degrees of cold. 
Here also are watchmakers' oil and wheat-starch. 
Still onward, and we find, before a back ground of 
gay furniture chintz, a variety of snuffs and tobacco, 
hops, chicory, and alimentary preserves. 

Crossing the court, the opposite corner contains 
only tobacco and snuff from two manufactories. 
Boxes of rappee, and a dozen other varieties, stand 
invitingly open, and all who will, may take " a 
pinch." Sneezing is remarkably frequent in this 
vicinity. 

The centre of this court contains a variety of 
linen goods. There are sail-cloths, hempen hose, 
made without seam, and fire-buckets of stout hemp 
canvass, which are a novelty. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 71 

In the south-west corner, are specimens of wool Woois and 
and woollen yarns. Indigo, archil and cudbear, for ^^'^^^ ^' 
dyeing tliem, are also exhibited here. 

The west side of Court 9, is occupied entirely by 
textile fabrics from several exhibitors, of which no Textile 
particular description is necessary. The plain and * ^'^' 
fancy woollen cloakings, merinos, and Orleans flannel 
of the Zollverein, as also the silks, velvets, and half- 
velvets, make a brilliant display, and will maintain 
the high repute of these fabrics. 

The visitor will now pass into Court 10, and 
enter from it into Court 16, lying just west of it. 
The way leads us between a collection of attractive 
paintings on the left hand, and a variety of embroi- 
dered pictures upon the right hand. The former are 
specimens of painting on papier mache, and are copies Paintings on 
from famous pictures. Among them is Wilkie's p^p^"' "^^ch^. 
Blind Fiddler. More of these paintings will be Blind Fiddler 
found within the court. The embroideries are of 
a novel character, being imitations of engravings Novel 
and water-colour drawings in silk and hair. In a embroideries. 
portrait of Henry Clay, for example, and in another 
of Jenny Lind, the hair of each party is employed 
in the embroidery, ^hese ingenious works are by 
HiTEEL of Saxony. 

Court 16, contains some showy furniture, up- Court 16. 
holstered with the flowered velvet so extensively Furniture. 
manufactured in the Zollverein States. Here are 
gilt mouldings, mirrors, and picture frames. On the ^l^H^ ^^ 
opposite side are wall papers in great variety, and waii papers, 
beneath them a pianoforte, a seraphine, and two Pianoforte, 
handsome cabinets. In the centre of the court is a cabinets, 
lady's writing and work table, elaborately carved in 
ebony, and decorated with changeable views on Ebony table, 
the Rhine. Some beautiful work-stands are here Work-stands. 
exhibited. 

Two fine mirrors are displayed in another corner Mirrors. 



72 



A DAY IN THE 



Casts in 
Berlin iron. 



Bas-relief. 



Drugs from 
Dresden. 



Nickel. 



Platform 
scales. 



German 
wools. 



Great 
produce. 



German 
colours. 



Ultramarines, 
bow made. 



of the court, and beneath them are rosewood cel- 
larets and boxes in variety, together with busts, 
statues, and vases of iron from the Royal Foundry 
at Berlin. 

Noticing a bold bas-relief in marble, we pass on, 
and turning a little to the left, find ourselves in the 
midst of drugs and chemicals, a vast display of which 
is here made by Gehe & Co. of Dresden. The ex- 
tent of this collection may be estimated from the 
size of its catalogue, which embraces forty printed 
pages. In front of it are specimens of nickel, in 
powders and in cubes, and a variety of choice essen- 
tial oils. Some German platform scales may be 
seen close by, bearing but small resemblance to 
those used in this country. 

We have now reached a collection of German 
wools, the best portion of which is upon the south 
side of the large frame upon which they are ex- 
hibited. Passing around, beneath the window, the 
samples of various contributors may be examined. 
It may be noticed that the producers are nearly all 
Counts. The wool crop of Germany is immense. 
Besides the large amount employed in the manufac- 
tories of the country, vast quantities of the staple 
are annually exported. 

Passing along the south side of Gehe's display of 
drugs, we arrive among the colours, for which the 
German manufacturers are famous. Here are ultra- 
marines in great variety, and indeed almost every 
description of mineral colours. Details are impossi- 
ble, and the visitor will not require them. Fine 
ultramarine is made from lazulite, {lapis lazuli,) by 
a slow and tedious process. There is, however, a 
spurious or artificial article, made by heating to red- 
ness, a mixture of china-clay, sulphur, and carbonate 
of soda. Yenice once monopolized the manufacture 
of ultramarine : but it is now far more extensively 



NEW YOBK CRYSTAL PALACE. 



73 



made in Germany, France, and other countries. 

The smalts of the Electoral Hesse Works are to Smaita. 
be found in the collection. Smalt is pulverized glass 
coloured with cobalt, and is used in bluing pajDer. 

The visitor will find the colours and chemicals of 
Germany suddenly give place to those of France, Fbance. 
which, however, are far legs numerous and attractive. 
A few examples, embracing ultramarines, madders, ^jjl^JJ^^ig 
pectoral syrups, pills of the iodide of iron, &c., hav- 
ing been passed, we enter a court, chiefly occupied 
by the chocolates, alimentary preserves, and coufec- ciiocoiatea 
tions, for which the French are celebrated. The confections, 
visitor will inspect with curiosity, specimens of 
desiccated vegetables, that is, vegetables from which Desiccated 

. n T 1 • n ^1 T vegetables. 

the moisture is expelled, leaving all the pecunar pro- > 
perties and flavour, so that green peas and fresh 
mint can be had as well in December as in June, 
and that without the aid of a green-house. 

Here, too, are all manner of meat sand fruits, the Preserved 

11- •If 1 • T • fruits. 

latter looking temptingly irom their glass prison- 
house, put up with all the care and taste of the 
RoDELS and Apperts and Fitoxs of Paris. One 
corner of this court contains some curious specimens 
of food prepared from the blood of animals, by the 
agency of a fluid called Brocchieri water, after its fj^*'^^®'^ 
inventor. Furs, and silk-worm eggs, and cocoons, siik-worma, 
are also to be met with here. Wool of excellent French wools, 
quality may be found upon a table in the centre of 
the court, while, close at hand, is a display of fine 
qualities of drawing, and letter, and other varieties Papers, 
of paper. 

Passing out of this court, close by Menier's dis- 
play of fancy chocolates, we enter Court 26. Our Court 26. 
course will now be along the line of the windows — 
beneath which is an extensive display of ornamental 
castings in zinc. Let us first turn a little to examine zinc castings, 
the beautiful specimens of printing in gold/colours, Gold printing. 
4 



74 



A DAY IN THE 



German 
tapestries. 



Imitation 
bronzes of 
the Societio 
de la Vieiile 
Moutagne. 



Bath-tnb, Ac. 



Belgium zlno 
mines. 

Iron-wire 
furniture. 



Leather. 

Bottles, &0. 
Court 2a 



Hunter and 
bear in 
plaster. 



Novel 
machines. 



exhibited by Ernest Meyer. Near to these is a 
display of furniture tapestries, which, together with 
others, hanging high in the court we have just left, 
are from Mourieau of Paris. 

Before us, there now stretches a long line of imitation 
bronzes. They are the zinc castings already alluded 
to, and display a very great variety. Over our 
heads hang chandehers and ornamental baskets, while 
figures, busts, vases, candlesticks, and household 
wares line the tables. Presently we find larger ex- 
amples — a bath-tub, vases on pedestals, and statues. 
They are exhibited by the Yieille Montagne Zinc 
Company, which presents also, samples of white zinc 
paints, and sheet zinc, for roofing and sheathing. 
The operations of this Company are exceedingly 
varied and extensive, as may be judged from the 
space it fills in the Exhibition. The zinc mines are 
in Belgium. Immediately beyond this collection, is 
an assortment of iron-wire furniture for gardens, 
arbours, halls, &c. It is both light and elegant, and 
embraces seats, jardinieres, baskets, and many other 
articles. They are exhibited by Tronchon of Paris. 
Behind them are displayed some very fine specimens 
of leather. 

A variety of hardware, and specimens of glass 
bottles and demijohns, may be inspected in an oppo- 
site corner, before we enter Court 28. The variety 
here is not extensive. A prominent object is a group 
in brown plaster, representing a hunter and a bear 
in the death struggle. The work is bold and effective. 
The body of the hunter is relaxed in the terrible clasp 
of the bear, which, in turn, is writhing in the death 
agonies, with the knife of the hunter still buried 
in its throat. The work was modelled by Fre- 

MIET. 

Here are some novel machines for bleaching linen, 
cleaning knifes, and other household processes ; basket 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL P A 1>A C E . 75 

ware ; huge mill-stones ; ropes for rigging and for MiU-stones. 

mining. Mining rope. 

Let us pass now through Court 27 into the east Court 27. 
nave, observing, as we proceed, a plaster model of a 
Bengal tiger by Jacquemard. Bengal tiger. 

At the entrance into Court 23 we may observe a court 23. 
variety of bronze statuettes, chiefly of French celeb- Fine 

.,•,/» • z. • T 1 i> bronzes. 

rities ; two norures m bisque ; and a laro-e vase of ^ 

' . A Large vase. 

decorated porcelain. A show-case, projecting from 

this court upon the nave, contains a fine collection 

of the brilliant velvets for which, in common with Lyons 

its silks, Lyons is so famous. They are displayed by 

the Association of Velvet Workers, and in richness 

of colours and quality are not surpassed by any in 

the Palace. Beyond this case, and upon the central Court 23. 

line of the court, are linen cambrics and lawns of Linen and 

TT 1 n o T n lawns. 

great beauty. Hana-spun liax, of exceedmg fine- ^and-s un 
ness ; handkerchiefs, embroidered, and with richly flax, 
printed borders — and some examples of pictures Printed 

^ , ^ ^ cambrics. 

printed upon cambrics, are here displayed. Passing 
down the court, upon the right hand we notice deli- 
cate and various coloured crape along the wall, and Crapes. 
upon the table, rich silks from Avignon. Some fine ^]kf°*"^ 
silk bolting-cloths may be seen here, and following Bolting 
them, cashmere vestings and black silk plushes. 

Before leaving the court, another case of rich Rich velvets, 
velvets may be noticed on the middle line, and then 
we enter Court 24. Red and figured cotton fabrics Court 24. 
first present themselves, overhung by crochet tissues Crochet 

tissues 

and woollen blankets. An embroidered silk quilt snkquiit. 
may be inspected here, if the visitor will lift the 
screen which enviously conceals it. 

A central case contains the tarlatan fabrics of Tarlatans. 
DoxAVE-RoNAT — dcUcate and gossamer-like tissues 
— some of them printed with gold and some with 
silver ornaments, while some are inwoven with gold 
thread. 



76 



A DAT IN THE 



"Water-proof 
fabrics. 



Painted 
white crape 
dress. 



Court 25. 

Glove 
machine. 



Iron and 
zinc wares. 

Clay pipes. 

Distilling 
apparatus of 
great value. 



Platinum. 

Palladium. 

Iridium. 

Fusil of 
platinum. 

Metallic 
gauzes. 



Butter 
churns. 



Emery rolls. 



Lithographic 
rollers. 



Carp«t. 



Baudouin, Brothers exhibit silks rendered imper- 
vious to water, and water-proof cloths and leathers; 
and upon the wall space above, is displayed a robe 
of white crape, painted, as the card informs us, 
" a la Australienne " — a mode of which we have no 
definite knowledge. 

At the entrance of Court 25 is an odd-looking 
machine, which, in its better days, was employed to 
cut out the dainty kid gloves which look so fascina- 
ting upon fair hands. 

AVithin the court are kitchen and household uten- 
sils, in zinc and iron, and of great variety; and high 
above them a tableau of odd-looking pipes and pipe 
bowls, in white and coloured clays. 

The large distilling apparatus, enclosed in a glass 
case in the centre of the court, which most visitors 
might mistake for tin, is made of pure platinum, and 
is worth twelve thousand dollars. It is designed for 
the distillation of sulphuric acid, and is the most 
complete and costly apparatus for the purpose in 
the world. It is exhibited by Desmoutis & Co., 
who display also crucibles, dishes, and capsules, in 
platinum, with specimens of palladium and iridium 
points for gold pens. 

In the same case is a fine double-barrelled fusil, 
in platinum, made by Houillier-Blanchard. 

Metallic gauzes, in great variety, for straining 
the pulp of paper, together with masks, safety- 
lamps, and other articles, are exhibited by Roswag. 

The mechanical churns of Lavoisey will interest 
the housewife by their simplicity of construction. 
Those huge black rolls, close by them, are cylinders 
for grinding emery, so extensively employed in polish- 
ing needles, &c. — while those smaller buflf-coloured 
rolls are used by lithographic printers for distribu- 
ting the ink upon their forms, or engraved stones. 
The huge carpet which overhangs this court, is one 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 77 

of many examples, from France, of the skill of the 
French weavers. Crystal door-knobs and ornaments Crystal 
are exhibited by Berger- Walter, and other speci- 
mens of glass ware may here be seen, including sam- Blown 
pies of blown window-glass. Coulaux & Co., of c„tie^and 
Molsheim, make a varied display of cutlery and i>ardware. 
hardware. Here is a model of a steamboat, with ^*sTe^boat 
side-wheels arranged to work laterally in the water, 
on the principle of the oar. 

Having completed the circuit of Court 25, we 
shall now return, in the direction of the nave, 
through Courts 24 and 23. In the first, we find, on Court 24. 
the right hand, woollens, linens, and hroche tissues ; Textile 
while, in the centre, are the silks and satins of Gin- 
DRE & Co. 

In Court 23, we find various styles of velvet and Court 28. 
velvet trimmings from St. Etienne, above which is a Louis 
portrait of Louis Napoleon embroidered on satin. on'^sati^n." 

The fancy silks and sating of Donat & Co. now Donat's silks, 
occupy the table to the nave. More linen cambrics Linens, &c. 
and lawns, and silks — ^both in the raw and manufac- 
tured states — may be found displayed on the middle 
line of the court. 

As we turn in the nave to enter Court 18, we Court is. 
may linger a few moments to notice numerous small Animals in 
plaster figures of animals, modelled by Fremiet. 
Here are bronzes, and the companion vase of the Bronzet. 
one we noticed at the entrance of Court 23. 

Conspicuous here is the case in which Stewart & 
Co. exhibit variable specimens of their importations 
of the most superb French silks, satins, embroidered Eich dress 
dresses, and mantillas. The right-hand side of the 
court is occupied by Wattine-Prouvost and Rouque 
— the former with rich satin cloths, of various colours, ■^'°® ''^***^'' 
and the latter with brilliant cashmeres. Coach laces '^ ^™^'''^- 
and curiously dyed wools are displayed on the middle Dyed wools. 
line. 



78 



A DAY IN THE 



Court 19. 
Ball dresses. 



Court IT. 

Bronzes and 
tapestries. 



Turning 
point. 



Patent type. 



Photography. 

Bon-bon 
boxes. 



Typography. 
Lithography, 

Fancy labels. 

Paper of 
wood. 



Illuminated 
volume. 

An elegant 
work. 



Fancy boxes 
and papers. 



Courtis. 



Chateaubriand 



In Court 19, we find, first, Cashmere shawls, and 
a case of elegant ball dresses. lu the centre, is a 
magnificent display of dress silks by Maupin & Co., 
of Lyons. These silks are very deservedly the 
objects of general admiration, for their richness of 
colour, and for the artistic beauty of design which 
characterizes them. 

Progressing into Court It, we find ourselves sur- 
rounded by large bronzes and hangings of tapestry. 
The west side is entirely occupied with these objects, 
many of which are beautiful examples of orna- 
mental art. They are contributed by Aubanel, of 
Paris. 

Beyond this court lies the territory of the Zollve- 
rein, which we have already traversed. Here, there- 
fore, we commence our return once more to the nave, 
Hngering a moment to inspect, upon our right hand, 
the printing types of Gauthier, patented in France 
for improved bearing. - We may justly admire here 
the photographic prints of Blanquart, — beneath 
which is a display of paper boxes for confectionaries, 
wedding-cake, &c., exhibited by Cerf & Naxara. 
A long table across this court is covered with spe- 
cimens of printing and lithography, which exhibit 
the admirable state of both arts in France. 

Barbat's ornamental labels are very beautiful, 
and his specimens of printing, upon tliin sheets of 
wood, are curious. A volume of the Gospels, printed 
with illuminations, will repay close inspection ; and 
the five folio volumes on "L'Ancienne Auvergne et 
Le Yelay,^' should not be passed without notice. 
The north-east corner of the court affords examples 
of fancy stationery, more fancy boxes, in paper, and 
a tableau of gold papers and borders. 

Entering Court 18, the visitor may stop to examine 
a curious picture, wrought with the hair of Chateau- 
briand, and representing the room where he was born. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 79 

Within the court, we find lace mantillas, cashmere Laces, &c 
shawls, gloves, muslins, and de laines. 

Court 1*1, aiafords us various examples of the fine court it. 
cloths for which France is reputed famous, but they Fine cloths, 
are too much alike to justify detailed observation. 

We have now completed our notjce of the textile Change of 
fabrics of " la belle France," and have before us a 
brilliant display of those artistic works in which she 
has never been surpassed and seldom equalled. 

Courts 12, 13, 14 and 15, are thrown into one AgrandhaiL 
grand saloon, and no part of the Palace presents so 
brilliant an aspect as this. Magnificence reigns 
throughout. We enter it from the nave and direct 
our attention exclusively to objects on the right- 
hand line. The. elegant and artistic bronzes, com- Fine bronzes, 
prising statuettes, vases, candelabras, and richly 
mounted clocks, from Duplan & Salles, first meet 
the eye, which finds much to admire. Time presses 
us, however, and we pass on to the varied and al- 
most bewildering display made by Lahoche, which Lahochk. 
might well tempt us to believe that we were in the 
gay city of Paris itself. Here are such multitudes of 
objects, beautiful, costly, and curious, that we could 
not inspect them separately in hours. Clocks in clocks. 
bronze and ci^stal mountings, candelabra of ex- Candelabra, 
quisite patterns, porcelain services, genuine Sevres, Porcelain, 
and others of scarcely inferior, beauty, delicately cut 
glass, Bohemian glass epergnes and vases, and a fine Cut glass- 
copy of Kaphael's Holy Family on porcelain, are a Raphael's 
few of the attractions in the collection. Casting the 
eye upwards, we observe a variety of beautiful table- Tabic-covers. 
covers, by Fanfernot & Dulac. Beyond, we find ej^^j^^'s 
pianofortes from the famous manufactory of Erard, pianos. 
and passing a marble bust of the French Emperor, NaporeoJf "" 
we come to a group of objects, embracing curious 
clocks, mechanical birds, a pair of superbly mounted Singing-birds. 
pistols, a marble bust of Cerito, a mosaic table. Cerito. 



80 



A DAT lis THE 



Pianofortes. 
Furniture. 
Circular divan. 



Wall papers. 
Large mirror. 



Rich bronzes 

anil 

ornaments. 



Carved buffet. 



Mechanical 
pianofortes. 



Lr.EOLLBS' 

bronzes. 



Decorative 

wall papers. 

Brilliant 
oourt. 



Beyond these are the pianos of Detir & Co., and 
rich cabinet furniture from Balmy. The chief ob- 
ject is a circular divan in French walnut, for the 
centre of a large drawing-room, constructed in the 
most tasteful style and of elegant materials. The 
elegant pajjer decorations of Desfosse adorn the 
upper part of the court. The end is ornamented 
with a splendid mirror, beneath which we turn to 
inspect the other side of the court. Here every- 
thing is in keeping with the objects we have 
examined ; massive, and yet graceful bronzes, rich 
carpets and tapestries, cabinets and tables, in ebony 
and gold, superb brocaded chairs, clocks and can- 
delabras, from the display of Ringuet, Leprince & 
Co. of Paris. We must not overlook a splendidly 
carved side-board, made by a branch of the house in 
ISTew York. Beyond these elegant objects, we find 
the pianofortes of De Bain, one of wliich is a prin- 
cipal object of attraction in this saloon. It is the 
piano-wechanique, or antiphonel pianoforte, an instru- 
ment which is played with a crank, after the manner 
of a hand-organ. It is an exceedingly ingenious, 
yet simple piece of mechanism, and the sound of its 
clear, brilliant tones, is the signal for an immediate 
gathering in the vicinity. 

The remainder of this section is occupied by Le- 
ROLLES, Brothers, with an extensive collection of 
artistic bronzes — embracing all objects produced in 
bronze — from their own original designs. An enu- 
meration would be tedious and unimportant, but the 
visitor may well devote considerable time to the ex- 
amination of the objects. 

ZuBER & Co., of Rixheim, occupy the high wall- 
space of Courts 12 and 13, with some magnificent 
tableaux of decorative paper. 

One court of the French division remains to be 
visited. It is the court of the French Imperial 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 81 | 

I 

manufactures — the Gobelins and Beauvais tapestries imperial j 

and the Sevres porcelain. We have but to turn on amfporceiain. j 

emerging from Court 12, to enter this brilliant ! 

chamber. There are five pieces of Gobelins* and Gobelins. j 

seven of the Beauvais hung upon the walls, while j 

beneath them are arranged the rich and costly porce- i 

lain of Sevres. The products of the Gobelin looms j 

are of wonderful and unrivalled beauty. It is now 

nearly two hundred years since their manufacture 

was commenced, under the direction of Louis XIY., Origin. 

and from that time to this they have been made 

chiefly for royal gifts. Their name is said to be de- j 

rived from a famous dyer in Paris. It is the labour ■ 

of many mouths — sometimes of years — to produce : 

one of these works. Of those on exhibition, the one 

entitled *' The Chase, and Dead Nature," is for sale, 

at 12,000 francs. The work, entitled " Autumn," Prices. 

is valued at something more than 6000 francs. 

These, however, ^are but small examples of the size 

and value of the Gobelin tapestries. The Beau- j 

vais manufactory in Picardy, produces many beauti- Beattvais. 1 

ful works, but they are far less esteemed than those ■ 

of the Gobelin. • 

The imperial manufactory of porcelain is situated 1 

at Sevres, midway between Paris and Yersailles. Sbvbks. j 

Its productions are of great beauty and of high ^ j 

price. ^ 

The great vase in the centre of the court is valued i 

at 15,000 francs, and the pair of vases — one on each ^^^^'^y "^^s**- 
side of the entrance — are valued at 14,000 francs. 



* Two of these will be sent back to Paris on the 1st of November. 
4>K 



82 ADATINTHE 



DIVISION D. 



HALY, AUSTRIA, HOLLAND, HAYTI, CUBA, BRITISH PROVINCES, 
DENMARK, AND THE UNITED STATES. 

Transition. The transition from France to Italy, in our mode 

of progress, is an easy one. We have but to cross 
the west side of the Palace and enter Court 6 of 

Flag of itaij'. Division D, over which the flag of the Italian States 
is displayed. The first object which meets one's eye 
witliin this court is a very pleasing work in marble, 

Son of Tell, representing the son of the Swiss patriot, Tell, at 
the moment that the arrow has been shot, and 
transfixed by the well-directed arrow to a neigh- 
bouring tree. It is the work of Romanelli, of 

Marble table Florence. To the left of this is a table of statuary 

and pillar. ii^Qi-j^ie, a rustic or garden chair, and a beautiful 
column of variegated stone, with an elaborate Co- 
rinthian capital of white marble. 

Id the centre of the court are various small works 

Mosaic wood, in marble, and a few examples of mosaic work in 
wood. Upon the side tables are exhibited embroi- 

Bas-reliefs. dcrics and laces, beneath a row of bas-reliefs in mar- 
ble and in plaster. The former are two works by 
the Danish sculptor, Prof. Jerichau, now residing at 
Rome. 

The visitor's attention will here be attracted by a 

Silver filagree, piecc of silvcr filagree work, representing Columbus, 
a beautiful work by Bennati, of Geneva, upon either 

Gilded vases, side of which is a vase of carved wood, richly over- 
laid with gold. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 83 

Just outside of this court the visitor may Inspect, 
now, the Italian furniture, which is somewhat disad- Italian 

furniture. 

vantageously crowded together. It exhibits a great 
degree of elegance — bemg made of beautiful woods 
and frequently elaborately gilded. There is a mas- 
sive ornamental bedstead of gilded mahogany — a Gilt bedstead, 
very beautiful etagee in rosewood, and an arm-chair Etag^,e. 
in the Greek style. Several elaborately carved 
mirror frames, and a great variety of beautiful 
chairs, known as Chiavari, from the place where chiavari 
they are chiefly manufactured, in Sardinia, and nu- *^^^*^"- 
merous other articles, would, if judiciously displayed, 
make no inconsiderable feature in the Italian exhibi- 
tion. 

Returning from this detour, and re-entering Court court i. 
1, upon the west side, we find specimens of silks and siiksand 
velvets, and various small works in marble. The '^®^^®*^' 
most attractive object here, is an antique cabinet of 
polished ebony, displaying the arms of the Medici Medici 
family, and beautifully embellished with seventeen 
panels, inlaid in Florentine mosaic, by Bosi. Nu- 
merous beautiful examples of this exquisite art will 
be found in the next court. Mosaic inlaying is car- stone mosaic, 
ried to a high degree of excellence in the Italian 
States, and particularly in Tuscany. It consists of 
cementing into a ground of marble, pieces of col- 
oured stones and glass, to resemble paintings. 

In Court 12, which we enter from the nave, there Court 12. 
are nearly a score of table tops in mosaic marble, TaW© tops, 
displayed along the right-hand side. They exhibit 
exquisite art in the arrangement of the mosaics. 
Specimens of the coloured stones, with which the Coloured 

^ ' 8tone3. 

designs are produced, are exhibited, near the slabs. 
Thin slabs of these stones are sawed off, and pieces 
of suitable size and shape produced for the process 
of inlaying, to which allusion has been made. The 
oblong table top, near the centre of the collection, is, 



84 



A DAT IN THB 



Mosaics. 



SUks. 



Bust of The 
Betrothed. 



Cast in 
bronze. 



New process. 



Tables in 
mosaic woods. 



Marble salver 
from Cellini. 



Bust of 
Pig Nono. 

Silk-velveta. 



perhaps, the finest example of all. It is the work 
of Betti of Florence. There are also two or three 
by Bosi, already named m connection with the an- 
tique cabinet. The wall-space above these mosaics 
is richly draped with figured silks from Turin and 
Genoa. The objects in the centre of this court are 
worthy of particular notice. To step back a little 
and look at the exquisite work in marble, which the 
sculptor calls " The Betrothed," will certainly repay 
us. This is from the same hand that wrought the 
statue of Wm. TelFs Son. 

An extraordinary cast in bronze next claims our 
notice. It is included in Class xxiii. of the Cata- 
logue, though it might well have been ranked as a 
work of art. It is a cast of a shrub — the crassula 
portulacoides — taken in one mould, direct from the 
object, by an entirely new and exceedingly ingenious 
method. The cast is exhibited just as it came from 
the mould ; not a file has touched it. It is the 
work of Clemente Papi, of Florence. The tables 
of mosaic-woods now elicit our earnest admiration. 
We may well doubt, at first, what we are told con- 
cerning them — that those admirable and brilliant 
pictures of battles, landscapes, and flowers, are not 
painted, but produced by inlaying different coloured 
woods. This is, however, the exact truth, and the 
patience of the workman seems almost as surprising 
as his skill. In the centre of the court is a marble 
salver upon a pedestal. The dish is a copy of the 
famous work in silver, of Benvenuto Cellini, and the 
design is admirably executed. 

Besides some statuettes, there is a marble bust of 
Fig Nono, said to be a good likeness. Passing 
around this we find upon the west side of the court, 
and hung upon the wall, a rich display of silk-velvets, 
from Genoa. Some of these are remarkably beau- 
tiful, resembling velvet ribbons, alternated with rich 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 85 

stripes of lace. The tables aJfford us specimens of 
fine jewellery, and a variety of beautiful ornaments Jewellery, 
in coral. A parure of pearls and brilliants will at- Corals. 
tract especial notice. It is from Bussi & Co., of 
Turin. A little further on, is a case of brooches, 
bracelets, and other ornaments, in Florentine mosaic. Mosaic 

1 -n ' -I-. T-r ornaments. 

by JiiXRico Bosi. Here we may turn to the centre, 
and notice a boar's head cast in bronze, also by Boar's head 
Papi — a work not less remarkable than the plant. ^^ 
Every hair of the savage beast seems to have the 
vitality of life within it. Cupid clipping his own a Cupid. 
wings, is the subject of a graceful statuette near by. 
Before leaving the court, we may be gratified by in- 
specting a variety of cameos cut on shells, by Cameos. 
Casali, of Rome, which we find among a group of 
small works in marble, just at the entrance of the 
court. 

The black eagle of Austria hovers over us as we Atjstsia. 
enter the next court on the line of the nave — Court Court is. 
18. A statue called " The Deserted," is not a very TheDeserted, 
prepossessing guardian angel to the territory beyond. 
All around, however, is bright and sparkling. We 
are in the region of glass ; the produce of Bohemia Eegion of 
glitters upon the tables in a thousand fanciful shapes. ^ ^^" 
The wall-space of the entire court is draped with 
cashmere and barege shawls, numerously contributed Shawis. 
from Yienna. The side and centre tables, on the 
right hand, are covered with every description of 
fancy glass ware. At the entrance of the court is a Fancy glass. 
splendid epergne and fountain of rock crystal, valued Centre piec©. 
at the remarkable sum of $6,000. A case of Bohe- 
mian garnets is followed by a large display of artifi- Garnets, 
cial stones of every conceivable description. A 
mammoth prism affords a beautiful specimen of Huge prism, 
glass casting and polishing. Then, glass beads, 
buttons, brooches, hair ornaments, lustres and pen- buttons. 
dents are profusely displayed. The court contains 



86 



A DAY IN THE 



Bust of 

" Prayer." 

Court 19. 



Veiled bead. 



Tricks of art. 



Swords and 

scythes. 

Guns and 
pistols. 



Marble vases 
and table. 



Fossilized 
ammonites. 



Iron lamp- 
post. 



a very beautiful work in marble by Galli, of Milan. 
It is a female head representing '' Prayer." It is 
marked by great purity of expression. The entrance 
into Court 19, leads us by a work in marble on our 
right, which we shall hardly pass without remark. 
It is one of several examples of what are called 
veiled statues. This is a head of a female, and, at 
first sight, we might suppose that it is actually 
draped with lace or crape ; but a moment's inspec- 
tion shows us that it is an effect produced in the 
marble, and that the apparent folds of the lace are 
ridges raised by the chisel of the sculptor. These 
works — pleasing as they certainly, are — are rather 
tricks of art than exemplifications of its higher attri- 
butes. 

In Court 19 we find the scene entirely changed. 
Upon our right hand glitter the sword and the 
scythe, as if the spirit of war and the spirit of peace 
had met in council. Here are guns and pistols of 
very beautiful workmanship, and a fine display of 
patent percussion caps. The Austrian scythe ap- 
pears rude in comparison with the polished blades 
which lay low the ripe grain of our western fields. 
It is, however, of good material, and is extensively 
used in Europe. 

Our attention will be arrested by a row of pedes- 
tals crowned with vases, and by a toilet table in 
curiously variegated marble ; which, together with 
table tops, vases, and a large collection of specimens 
of polished marble, and polished antediluvian ammo- 
nites of extraordinary beauty, (to be found as we 
pass up the other side of the court,) constitute a 
remarkable contribution from J. Ramsauer, of Up- 
per Austria. 

A tall and highly-ornamented lamp-post of cast 
iron, stands in the centre of this court. It is from 
the foundry of Prince von Salm. and is intended for 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 87 

the street, or a public park. We are now in the 

rear of the court occupied by Thorwalclsen's group, Austrian art 

and beneath the wall which encloses it, are arranged 

a number of works belonging to Class xxxi. in the 

Austrian Department of the Catalogue. We may 

inspect these works advantageously at this stage of 

our progress. At the extreme right of the line is 

a bust in marble, representing " Religious Medita- Works la 

tion," followed by a variety of works of varying 

interest. The ''First Steps," by Magni, will de- "First steps." 

tain most visitors, for a moment at least, by its 

pleasing design ; and they will not fail to observe 

the basket of flowers ingeniously carved out of a MarWe 

^^ flow GTS 

block of marble by Galli, who has also a bas-relief 

of flowers near at hand. " Hebe offering nectar to 

the Eagle," is a work of merit by Professor Kachsz- g^^ ^^ 

MAN, of Vienna, and not far beyond it, is a cage 

of Cupids by Motelli, one of those works which Cage of 

exhibit the ingenuity, rather than the genius, of the 

sculptor. The little fellows are thickly clustered, 

but betray no great uneasiness at their confinement. 

The artist evidently thinks that Cupid needs to be 

kept in a cage. 

A head of our Saviour, in marble, is one of numer- 
ous examples in the Exhibition of the fondness of Eeiigious 
the Italian sculptors for religious subjects, and indi- Italian artists 
cate, perhaps, the dominant influence of the ecclesias- 
tical arm. Cupids in nests and in baskets, as well oupids 
as in cages and upon mantel-pieces, abound in the *^*^^^^^°s- 
Austrian department. There is very little proba- 
bility, certainly, that the race will become extinct ! 

The wall beneath which we are passing is hung Austrian 
with various pictures from Austrian artists, among 
which are two by WALDiriiLLER, both charming ex- "Blowing 
amples of his style. They are called "Blowing ^ ^^' 
Bubbles," and " Breaking up of School," the latter a "Breaking 

' Q f ' up of School" 

much-admired picture, and the former of scarcely less 



88 



A DAY IN THE 



Few pictures. 



Medals. 



Bronze 
Venus. 



Terra cotta. 



Buhl 
furniture. 

Cabinet. 



Plastic map of 
Switzerland. 



Salt mine. 



Terra cotta. 



Stone tables 
and ehairs. 

Leda and 
Swan. 



Btatuettesu 



excellence. The Austrian painters have not contri- 
buted extensively to the Exhibition, only four works 
appearing in the Picture Gallery, where it is some- 
what surprising that these works of Waldmiiller, 
and one or two others to be found near them, are 
not included. 

A collection of medals, produced by a new method, 
hangs between the pictures we have named. The 
bronze statue of Yenus stepping into the bath, 
is a good example of modelling and casting. A 
variety of objects in terra cotta, a veiled head and a 
few other works in marble, bring us to tlie end of 
the Austrian division, and we turn, to examine those 
which are displayed upon the opposite line. A col- 
lection of figures and statuettes in terra cotta afford 
some good examples of modelling. The beautiful 
buhl furniture in rosewood, for which Austria is 
famous, is exhibited in various specimens distributed 
through the division. A highly polished cabinet, or 
book-case, is, perhaps, the finest example. An ele- 
gant table in front of it is partly concealed by an 
interesting object placed upon it. It is a section of 
a plastic map of Switzerland, showing the elevation 
of the Alps and the depression of the subjacent val- 
leys. Just above it is a somewhat similar model, 
exhibiting the section of a salt mine in Upper Aus- 
tria. Some hyalotypes, or daguerreotypes on glass, 
are displayed at this point, and beyond them numer- 
ous further examples of terra cotta figures. 

To the left, in the centre of the court, are various 
pleasing works, in stone and marble. A centre- 
table and four chairs elaborately carved in gray 
stone exhibit a novel and substantial style of furni- 
ture, " Leda with the Swan," a boy on a tortoise 
and another on a crab, are three attractive works 
in marble, by Croff of Milan. 

We now pass the ammonites and marbles to which 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 89 

r 

allusion was just now made ; and here the visitor 

may observe some specimens of Istrian asphalte. Asphaite. 

The next step will carry us into the hardware and Hardware 
cutlery court, and we are naturally surprised at the ^° ^" ^^^' 
multiplicity of the exhibition in these classes. The 
town of Stadt Steyr, alone, sends upwards of forty stadt steyr. 
different contributions, and principally of knives and 
forks. The exports of Austria, in various descriptions 
of hardware and the coarser descriptions" of cutlery, Exported 
are very great. The quality of these articles is less 
to be regarded than the low price at which they are 
manufactured. It may be added here that the 
manufacture of these goods, in Upper Austria, does 
not concentrate in a fewHtarge establishments, but 
respectable workmen, are generally makers, on their maSrs?^^ 
own account. The iron mines and manufactures of i^^^ nj|j,eg 
Austria are a principal source of the national wealth, of Austria, 
and give employment to an immense number of ope- ' 
ratives. 

In this court we find a coil of lead pipe, claiming Lead pipe, 
to be 1800 feet long ; here also are various hand- 
some chairs of bent wood, with cane seats, and a FumitTire. 
highly polished buhl table, of rosewood. In an- 
other part of the court are buhl chairs, and a sofa, 
with cushions of fine green morocco. 

Hardware, in great variety, and German silver in German 

silver 

sheets, and also manufactured into table-ware, are 
found in the right-hand corner of Court 19, as we Court 19. 
pass again into the front court. We are once more 
in the midst of the produce of Bohemia. — China, Bohemian 
and glass, and earthenware, in an almost endless 
variety of forms and objects, meet our eye. Here, 
also, is another, and perhaps the best, example of 
the veiled figures. Before we complete our survey Veiled bust, 
of the objects in this court, we must afford a mo- 
ment's notice to the curious and brilliant table top Mosaic table 
of mosaique d' email, which, in a French inscription, *^^' 



90 



A DAY IN THE 



Gold chains. 



Holland. 
Court 23. 



Number of 
exhibitors. 

Pictures. 



Furniture in 
zinc. 



Beed baskets. 



Ebony 
cabinet. 



Ivory 
carvings. 



Chandelier. 



Silver 
beaker. 



Balances. 



is -said to be a precise copy of a piece of the pave- 
meut of the Basilica of St. Mark's at Venice. 

A collection of gold chains and other objects, is 
one of few examples in the Palace of Austrian jew- 
ellery. 

We are apprized, by the flag which hangs at the 
entrance of the next court, that we are entering the 
Department of Holland. This country is repre- 
sented by about one hundred and fifty exhibitors, 
exclusive of the large number of artists whose works 
appear in the Picture Gallery. Nearly every class 
of objects is embraced in its contributions, and a 
very considerable degree of interest will be felt by 
the visitor in passing through the several courts 
which they occupy. 

The first objects which we encounter are light 
castings, in zinc, for ornament and utility — such as 
work-tables, flower-stands, vases, figures, &c. These 
are painted to resemble bronze, and combine grace 
and durability in a very satisfactory manner. They 
are contributed by Schutz, whose casts of the stag 
and wolves we have before named. He exhibits, 
also, baskets and flower-cases in twisted reed. 

In the front of the court is a handsome cabinet 
of carved ebony, and grouped beyond it are further 
examples of furniture, which are chiefly substantial 
rather than ornamental. 

Various small carvings, in ivory and bucks-horn, 
are good specimens of this art, near the entrance of 
the court. At the other extremity of it, is suspended 
a chandelier, of numerous branches, in the same ma- 
terials. These are exhibited by Hatt, of Leyst. An 
illustration of the old art of embossing silver ware, 
by beating out a single piece, may be seen in a 
handsome beaker, made by Grebe of Rotterdam. 
Some sensitive analytical balances are exhibited by 
Becker. Among a variety of dr«ssed skins, there 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 91 

are beautiful specimens in those of the swan and Greband 
greb. The plumage of the last-named water-bird is ^^^^ ®^°^' 
held in high esteem. 

A Yery curious collection of Japanese articles is Japanese 
displayed in this court. They are the contribution ^^^^^ ^^' 
of the Chevalier Levysohn, old chief of the Holland 
Station at Japan, and they embrace a large number 
of the characteristic productions of the singular and 
exclusive people of that country. The m'inerals and Minerals. 
coins of the country, are not the least attractive Coins, 
part of the collection. We can not attempt, in 
this brief Manual, to give even a summary of the 
varieties. 

Extending our observations into Court 24, we find ^^^^ ^• 
a large variety of Whips and canes, in whalebone — "Whips and 
plain, twisted, knotted, and inlaid with ivory — and 
mounted in gold, silver, and pearl. They are from 
Post & Wendt of Gouda. The scientific visitor 
will find interest in some glyphographic blocks, with oiypho- 
the impressions obtained from them. 

A few pictures, by Dutch artists, are to be found Pictures, 
hung in this court ; but for the best examples of 
this school of art, the visitor must go to the Grallery 
of Paintings, where there are upwards of a hundred 
and twenty contributions. 

We notice here a variety of linen fabrics — as Linen goods, 
table-cloths, canvas, and linen bed-tick— made of 
Dutch flax. A small picture, resembling an etching 
or an outline in India ink, proves, on close inspec- 
tion, to be a design cut in white paper and laid upon Picture in 
a background of black. ^^^^^' 

There are, upon the west side of the court, to 
which we now turn Our Steps, many examples of 
blankets, made of Dutch wool. Some of these are Blankets. 
of admirable quality, and of graduated thicknesses. 

A circular sofa, from the Hague, is a useful and circular sola. 
ingenious piece of furniture. It consists of six sepa- 



92 



A DAY IN THB 



Court 23. 
Betorts. 



Bows and 
arrows. 

Military 
goods. 

Japanned 
furniture. 



Folding 
screen. 



Lacquered 

table. 



Iron bust. 

Court 25, 

Morse's 
telegraph. 



Court 27. 
Machinery. 



"Water-wheeL 

Fire escapes. 
Earth-borer. 

f 
Seed drill. 

Group in 
stone. 



Pheasant 

house. 



Dutch clocks. 



rable arm-chairs. Returning into Court 23, we 
notice the retorts of Batka — the lower part of the 
globes or bowls being covered with copper, by the 
electro-galvanic process, they- withstand a strong 
heat. Bows and arrows, models of circular stair- 
case, and military trimmings, are here met with. A 
prominent class of objects in this court, is the ja- 
panned or lacquered furniture, made by Zeegers of 
Amsterdam. He exhibits a large folding screen, of 
eight partitions, ornamented with gilded figures, in 
the Japanese style, and hung with engraved copper 
joints or hinges ; also, a table, brilliantly painted 
and lacquered in crimson, and screens in the same 
style of decoration. A bust, in cast iron, of the 
late King William, is a good specimen of its kind. 

Passing now through Court 25, in which the 
visitor will find the ofiSce of Morse's Electric Tele- 
graph in communication with the whole extent of 
the Morse lines. 

We find in Court 2t, further examples of the pro- 
ducts of the Netherlands. The machinery of Hol- 
land is not extensively represented. We find a new 
description of fire-engines, and a centrifugal water- 
wheel. The latter is a simple and useful machine. 
There are also two mechanical contrivances for fire 
escapes, an earth-borer to* open channels for supply- 
ing the roots of trees with water in dry weather, 
and for infusing manure into the soil, a new seeding 
machine, and a swing plough. In this court is a fine 
specimen of sculpture in free stone, representing " The 
serpent in the lion's den." There is much boldness in 
the design, and good physical development. It is 
the work of Levermann of Doesburgh. A curious 
object is a house of bamboo, designed for an aviary, 
or more especially for keeping pheasants. 

The Dutch clocks, in this court, do not vie, in ex- 
tent or beauty, with the showy examples of our 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 9^ 

own, nor with those of other European makers, clocks. 
They are of good quality, however, and an astro- Astronomical 
nomical clock, made by Kaiser, of the Hague, will 
bear comparison, as a time-keeper {tydhewaarder), 
with a good chronometer. There are various contri- 
butions of rope, twine, cords, and lines Of the first- ^^/Jfe^g^'^ 
named, there is a novel example in the " concentric" Novel rope. 
or equal drawing rope, made by Yan Beeftngh of 
Katwyk, with patent machinery. The curious may 
ascertain its peculiarities by reference to the speci- 
mens themselves. Passing by a statue' of Josephus, statue of 
in wood, we find, ranged upon tables beneath the ^^^^ ^^' 
windows of the Palace, the objects belonging to 
Classes ii., iii., and iv., in the Catalogue. They are 
numerous, and of much merit. Among the candles. Altar candies, 
we notice long tapering ones, for burning at church 
altars. There are specimens of Dutch madder, a 
substance much employed in dyeing, and from which 
the "turkey red'^ colour is obtained : of Dutch flax, Madder for 

" turkey red." 

of starch, of horse-hair, and many other "raw mate- 
rials," with this hasty generalization of the contribu- ^aw 
tions of Holland, we must take our leave of them, 
and turn to glance, for a moment, at the contribu- 
tions of Hayti and the West India Islands, which Haytia>' 

*^ . contributions. 

are all embraced m Court 29. The Emperor of 
Hayti, Faustin I., has sent, through the Consular 
Agent of the United States Government, Henry 
Delafield, Esq., specimens of the native produce 
of the country. The list will be found, in detail, 
in the Ofiicial Catalogue. The block of mahogany, Block of 
included in the Catalogue, is not in this court. It 
is in Court 1, and may be noticed when we inspect 
the contents of that court. 

Of the West India Islands, Cuba and Bermuda Wbst Indies. 
are represented in the Exhibition, but neither of 
them to any great extent. From Cuba, we find Cuba, 
sugar, cigars, and some medicinal preparations, and 



u 



A DAY IN THE 



Bennnda. 



British 

GiriANA. 



Variety of 
objects. 



Natural 
products. 



Woods of the 
country. 

Kaw materials, 



Native barks. 
Manufactures. 



Canoes and 
other objects. 



Shaak-shaaks. 



from Bermuda, arrow-root, and boxes made of cedar 
wood. 

The next court we enter is entirely occupied with 
the interesting contributions of British Guiana, and 
is our first introduction to the Colonial resources and 
industry of Great Britain. 

British Guiana is situated on the coast of South 
America, and the intelligence and enterprise of its 
settlers may be presumed from the extent and variety 
of the contributions to be found in this court. Of 
these the Catalogue presents a list of nearly one 
hundred and fifty, the majority of which are the 
natural productions of the country. 

We shall not attempt to direct the visitor from 
object to object in this court, as they are so grouped 
as to present themselves in classes to our notice. 
The products of the country are numerous and 
valuable, including arrow-root, tapioca, coffee, 
starch,, sugar, cotton, palm-fibres, cassava, bread- 
fruit, and a great variety of excellent timber. 

The latter is displayed in almost innumerable 
specimens, in the centre of the court, while all 
around are the raw materials and vegetable produc- 
tions already enumerated. 

The barks of the country are largely exhibited, 
for medicinal properties. 

The manufactures are of the simple kind suggested 
by the wants of the natives and the material at their 
hands. There are bark canoes, bows and arrows, 
and war clubs, necklaces, fans, calabashes, ham- 
mocks and mats of the palm-fibre, brooms, queus, 
baskets, gongs, flutes, and shaak-shaaks. The three 
last-named articles are rude musical instruments 
with which the festivities of the Indians are en- 
livened. A dance without the shaak-shaaks would 
be no dance at all. They resemble gourds, and con- 
tain seeds which make a great noise when shaken. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 95 

The natives ornament them with feathers. A case stuffed wrds. 
of stuffed birds, and a variety of dressed skins, illus- Dressed skins, 
trate the natural history of the country. 

The collection deserves more than a passing 
glance, and we are sorry to dismiss it with so brief 
a notice. 

Entering Court 26, we find ourselves again in the Court 26. 
Department of the United States, and among the UNn-ED 
objects of Class x. of the Ofhcial Catalogue. They ^'^^''^^• 
are introduced to us by what the maker calls "a 
cosmographical globe," It is constructed with the New globe, 
land in relief, and mountain ridges indicated by 
further elevations. In a corner behind this, we may 
inspect some excellent specimens of silver-plate and card and 
card engraving, by Hyatt, and a frame of cameos ei^^r^avhig. 

cut on shells, by KI^^NEY. Cameos. 

Photographic pictures, being regarded as a philo- daguekreo- 
sophical product, are embraced in Class x., and in '^ ^ ' 
no department of scientific art is the Exhibition 
more fruitful than in this. Upwards of thirty con- Numerous 

... . „, . TT-ji contributions. 

tributors oi daguerreotypes are numbered m the 
Catalogue, and the collection is so extensive, that 
one might well grow weary of the task of examining 
it in detail. 

The excellence of American photographs is ac- American 
knowledged abroad, where no pictures have been p^^^^^^p ^• 
obtained of equal beauty. The first portraits from 
nature, obtained, by the photographic process, were 
taken in New York, and it will hardly be invidious, 
to say, that the precedence which the metropolis Precedence 
can assert in point of time, she may, with justice, 
claim also in point of merit. It is not our intention 
to institute any comparisons between the displays of 
the rival artists who appear in the Exhibition. We 
mav safely say that a more beautiful collection has Beauty of 

•' J >i specimens. 

never been brou2:ht together, from the east and from 
the west, from the north and from the south. The 



96 



A DAY IN THE 



Portraits In 
excess. 



Groups. 



Crystalo- 
types. 



Interesting 
group. 



Panorama of 

Cincinnati. 

Electro- 
photographs. 



Barlow's 
Plaxeta- 

KIUM. 



General 
description. 



vast majority of the specimens are portraits, and it 
is to be pitied that more attention is not paid to 
artistic effect in grouping, and also to the produc- 
tion of landscapes. We notice, in passing along the 
line of daguerreotype stands, a tableau from Brook- 
lyn, exhibited by Harrison & Hills, in which are 
some pleasing groups and descriptive pictures. The 
crystalotypes of Whipple, from Boston, we mention 
as the only examples of the kind. They are taken 
upon prepared paper, instead of the usual metallic 
plate. 

Brady exhibits in a collection of admirable pic- 
tures, the portraits of Commodore Perry and the 
officers of the Japan Expedition. 

One of the most pleasing examples of the art is 
contributed by Bisbee of Ohio. It is a panorama 
of tlie city of Cincinnati, taken on six extra large 
plates. Just beyond this, we find some beautiful 
electrotypes, taken from daguerreotypes by Fitzgib- 
EON, of St. Louis. 

At this point we may turn aside for a few 
moments, to examine the admirable Planetarium, 
made by Thomas H. Barlow, of Kentucky. It is 
certainly one of the most ingenious _and valuable 
contributions to the scientific department of the 
Exhibition. This beautiful instrument is about 
twelve feet in diameter ; the outer circle represent- 
ing the zodiac, and marked with its twelve divisions, 
and with the days of the month for one year. The 
sun, earth, and moon, and, the interior planets, are 
represented. The circumference of an inner circle 
is divided into one hundred spaces representing 
^ears, with an index-figure or point. To whatever 
year of the nineteenth century this index points, the 
motions of all the bodies represented will corre- 
spond precisely to observations in the past, or to 
astronomical calculations for the future. The earth 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. W7 

is made to revolve in an ellipse, being several inches Ellipses of th© 
further from the sun at the aphelion than at the moon.*° 
perihelion. The moon also performs an ellipse 
and exhibits her nodical transitions in precise corre- 
spondence with observation. The constant parallel- 
ism of the earth's axis and the changes of the changes of 
seasons, are most clearly illustrated. Indeed, the 
apparatus must be regarded as the most felicitous 
and useful aid to astronomical study of modern times. 

Returning to the line of photographic tableaux, 
we may notice the fine cameras of Harrison ; Camews. 
some beautiful ivory rules by Fenx & Baker, and ivory rules, 
an orrery, of the old-fashioned kind, by Kiker. 

Here we enter Court 16 ; and the line of progress Conrtie. 
we have laid out, will carry us entirely around it. 
A variety of scientific instruments and appliances Scientific 

i i 1 1 r J.T- 1 • !» instruments. 

now present themselves ; many of them deserving or 

more particular notice than we can here make of 

them. An improved coating box for photography ; 

a beautiful collection of microscopic objects, care- Microscopic 

fully mounted ; and a great variety of clocks and 

barometers. An antique clock, made in 1509, car- Antique 

. clock. 

ries us back farther into the " good old times" than 

we should care to go in reality. There are various 

examples of chronometers in this court, displaying Ohronometers. 

careful workmanship. Two cases, in the centre, 

belong to the Class occupying the court adjoining. 

They are books exhibited by Messrs. Putnam & Co., putnam& 

and fancy papers by De Jonge. The former are ASSan^ 

very beautiful examples of the art of book-making ; ^°^^^- 

in its internal and external features alike. They are 

still more interesting, as illustrations, of the progress 

of literature, science and art in this country, being 

all original American books in these departments. 

Returning again to the tables beneath the win- 
dows, we find numerous displays of optical instru- Optical 

,1 • /.I.I. .,1 1 A . Instramente. 

ments — the mountings of which vie with the foreign 



A DAY IN THE 



timo-kftrer. 



IMctiKps of 
Niag! ri. 

Globes. 



AchroriarJc examples. A large acLtromatic telescope, equatorially 

microMA pes. mounted, by Fritz ; an elliptic compass ; and various 

achromatic microscopes bj Grunow — are among the 

number of admirable specimens of scientific and 

mathematical instruments here to be met with. 

An ingenious timekeeper, made by Leudke, of Cali- 
fornia, attracts considerable attention. The works 
are contained in a vaso of silver. The dial and upper 
parts are of fine gold. The device is Old Time 
marking the minutes with a wand, while a serpent's 
head indicates the hours. The last feature impairs 
the merit of the design. It is a repulsive idea, and 
by no means necessary to the work. Whitehurst 
exhibits eight fine sun-p'ctures of Niagara Falls. 
Copley has a case of excellent globes. Mathemati- 
Math.'.;i>8ticii cal and physical appara'.us are exhibited upon the 
ai.pH.h>i 0. -taijigg ^y^^i iq the left, and here we may inspect some 
Teier.-^ph white flint telegraphic insulators, which appear to 
be a great improvement upon any now m use. 

In the noxt Court (17) are some brilliantly col- 
cared charts, with the gratifying heading in large 
letters, " Mathematics Simplified." These w^ere ex- 
hibited in the London Crystal Palace, and elicited 
considerable notice. They are contributed, together 
V7i.th a " Dial of the Seasons," by Thomas Fisher, 
of Philadelphia. Gutta percha moulds and stereo- 
type plates, form a new example of the vast capa- 
bilities of that remark ible material. In front of 
steieoscopoR. them are StercoscopeB, by Peters, and an interest- 
ing reminiscence of tne past, in the original log of 
the " Savannah" — the first steamship which crossed 
the Atlantic — In the year 1819, and the silver tea- 
pot p'^esented upon the occasion to Capt. Rogers. 
Spsap.y's clocks, and new patent gas-burners by Mail- 
lard & Co., '^ 1th an ingenious electric apparatus for 
storm herald, for rtelliiig the apprcac)\ of storms, invented by Isen- 
Ri*;6, ^ring us to the north-west tower of the Palace. 



Court J 7. 



Mflt>)en)atic8 
simpli'j xl. 



P'al .>f Ghe 
Seasous. 

Gtttn r-eroha 



Lof o^ thi) 
8sv4i:aah. 



Cloclfs. 
Ga-s-b' mere. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 9^ 

Here we may observe the patent portable illumi- Portable gas 
nator of the XJ. S. Gas Company. It is a compact ^^p*""* ^' 
and simple apparatus for producing gas from resin 
oil to light a private dwelling, a church, or a hotel. 
The gas obtained is of exceeding brilliancy, and far 
cheaper than coal gas. In a section of Court 11, 
Pike, of New York, has a fine variety of philoso- Philosophical 
phical apparatus, embracing a large air-pump and 
electrical machine, with various incidental instru- 
ments. Just beyond these, is a magnificent air- 
pump, which its makers. Chamberlain & Ritchie, 
of Boston, justly call the "American lever air- AmericHn ' 
pump." It is beautifully mounted in polished rose- ^"^"P'^™^* 
wood. In connection with it, is a freezing appa- 
ratus, with which — such is the perfection of this 
admirable pump — half-a-pint of water may be frozen ice in haif-a- 
solid in half-a-minute. Lieut. Maury's Wind and ^^^^ ^' 
Current, and Whale charts are hung in this recess, wind and 
Court 11 is chiefly occupied by the rare and costly ^^^^^^^^^^s. 
instruments of the Coast Survey of the United Apparatus of 
States. They are numerous, and to the scientific sukvey.^^ 
visitor, full of interest. It would be impossible for 
us to condense any intelligible account of them into 
space adapted to the limits of this manual, and as 
each instrument is inscribed with a brief outline of 
its uses, we deem it better to attempt no description 
at all. The visitor should not overlook the beauti- 
ful charts which hang upon the walls. The standard standard 
weights and measures of the United States, and of ° 
France, may be found in this court ; also the new 
scales of the United States Mint. Mint scales. 

At the entrance of Court 5, beneath the stairs, we Court 5. 
find House's printing telegraph, of which we prom- Printing 
ised to say something at this point. This instrument, ^ ^^^^ '" 
unlike that of Professor Morse, which writes by 
arbitrary signs and points — prints its messages in a 
clear Roman type upon long strips of paper. The 



100 



A DAT IN THE 



Principle. 



Mode of 
operating. 



Court 10. 



Blank books. 
Fancy papers, 



Maps and 
ciiarts. 

Fine bibles. 



Book for the 
Queen of 
England. 



Type and 

moulds. 

Wood type. 



Blank books. 

Elegantly 
bound books. 



Stationerv. 



Cooper's 
novels. 



Globe for the 
blind. 



scientiJBc operation of the instrument is, of course, 
similar to all other telegraphs ; its mechanical agen- 
cies, however, are vastly different. The operator 
strikes keys, resembling those of a pianoforte. Each 
of these keys represents a letter or a figure, and when 
one of them is struck, the corresponding letter of 
the alphabet, arranged upon a metallic wheel at the 
other end of the line, is projected by magnetic force 
against a strip of paper, fed from a roll. 

Here let us retrace a few recent steps, and pass- 
ing through a section of Court 11, enter Court 10, 
occupied by tlie objects of Class xvii. in the Cata- 
logue. Beginning at the right hand, we observe 
blank books of plethoric habits ; letter papers ; 
fancy papers for book-binders' use ; and upon the 
walls, a variety of maps, and astronomical charts. 

In a neat glass case, there are displayed some mag- 
nificent bibles, printed and bound by Lippincott & 
Co., of Pliiladelphia, who also exhibit in the same case 
a copy of Schoolcraft's great national work on the 
Indians. It is inscribed with the initials Y. R., and 
is intended as a present for the Queen of England, 
who has already received the previous volumes of the 
work. Moulds, matrices, and types, of metal, from 
Bruce, with specimens of wood type from Connec- 
ticut, are found in the same corner of Court 10. In 
a central case, Root & Anthony exhibit very fine 
blank books ; and just beyond it, is another case, 
affording some splendid examples of book-binding, 
by Matthews. In the south-west corner of the 
court, we find papers ; envelopes ; embossed envelopes 
and cards ; valentines ; and a complete set of the 
novels of the late J. Fennimore Cooper. Near a 
case of showy books, by Dunigan, is an object 
worthy of special notice. It is a globe, for the use 
of the blind, with the boundaries of countries and 
states, mountains and rivers, distinctively defined to 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 101 

the touch of the pupil. This beautiful globe is Court lo. 
the contrivance of W. D. Cooke, Esq., of Raleigh, 
JSTorth Carolina. 

The art of book-binding is illustrated in a varied 
and admirable manner bj the specimens exhibited Waiker* 
by E. Walker & Sons in their elegant case. Here binding?*' ' 
are bindings in every modern style, with some very 
beautiful examples of illuminated edges. 

The east side of the court remains to be inspected. 
Here we find some examples of what is called chro- 
mo-glypotyphy — a hard name for a new process of Chromo-giy- 
printing with types, in various colours — exhibited 
for the inventor by Horace Greely, Mammoth 
sticks of sealing-wax, are the exponents of Davids' Seaiing-wax. 
manufactures in that line. Here are Tobit's "logo- 
types," or words and compound letters, in metal, for Logotypes, 
printers ; copper-faced type, said to be very durable ; 
pictorial stamps, for book-binders' use, from Tomp- Book-binders' 
son's well-known hand ; and some very elegant blank 
books, exhibited by Koch & Co. Blank books. 

Court 9 is chiefly occupied by the contributions Court 9. 
of Newfoundland; but there are numerous examples 
upon the walls of the court, and through the adjoin- 
ing western court, of the arts of painting, engraving. Specimens of 

t • , . til© &rt)S* 

penmanship, colour-printing, and seal-cuttmg, be- 
longing to the United States department. A glance 
at some of these will gratify the visitor. Passing 
down, on the right side of the court, we find various 
examples of chromo-printing from Philadelphia, Printing in 
where this art has found as yet its best exemplars 
in this country. Duval's specimens are very nume- 
rous, and interesting in the exhibition of the stages stages of the 

. . 1 • 1 /» • process. 

01 the process, m a picture obtamed irom nme 
blocks. 

We may notice Geo. S. Appleton's excellent 
electro-steel engravings — copies of some of the finest Eiectro-steei 
works — obtained by a process which brings them 



102 



A DAY IN THE 



The flowers 
ofShakspeare. 



Pen drawings. 



Pastel 
piiinting. 

MedallloBS. 



Wood-cuts. 



Newfound- 
land. 



Show-case of 
native woods. 



Conimittee. 



Natural 
products. 

Tiie seal. 



Model of 
seal fishery. 

Birds. 
Quadrupeds. 



Dressed furs. 



within the reach of the many. Near by, are the 
flowers mentioned by Shakspeare, represented in a 
single group, in water colours, by Miss Mary Bal- 

MANO. 

Among the penmanship examples are exquisite 
pen drawings, by Miss Edmonds, of Boston, and 
Davidson's curious and elaborate works in Hebrew 
and English text. 

Some pastels, by Miss Yan Tuyl, are pleasing 
specimens of that branch of art. A number of 
small portrait medallions, in fine composition, are 
exhibited by Ellis. Whitney, Jocelyn & Annin 
make an imposing display of fine proofs from wood 
blocks, engraved, by them, from designs by the best 
artists of New York. 

The contributions of Newfoundland are compactly 
and effectively exhibited in a large case, purposely 
left unpainted, to allow of the examination of the 
woods composing it, as native productions of the 
island. This collection was made for the Exhibition 
by a Committee of gentlemen at St. Johns, whose 
zeal and liberality are admirable. The principal 
objects it embraces, are the products of Newfound- 
land — its minerals, grain, oils, and furs. The seal 
figures very conspicuously in the collection. Quite 
a number of the genus are here, of various sizes and 
colours — from a tiny white-coat, not more than 
twelve inches long, to a mammoth fellow almost six 
feet in length. At the bottom of the case is a 
representation, rudely but picturesquely modelled in 
plaster, of the seal fishery. Grouse, ptarmigan, 
owls, ducks, gulls, and bitterns, of the flying tribes, 
and polar bears ; white, red, and crop foxes ; bea- 
vers, martens, otters, ermines, and others of the four- 
footed tribes, illustrate the natural history of the 
island; while the dressed furs of these animals exem- 
plify its industry. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 103 

The next point of interest is the space devoted dksmaek. 
to Denmark — almost the only contribution of which 
country is, the world-renowned group of *' Christ 
and his twelve Apostles " by Thorwaldsen. When TiorwaLi- 

i- ^ •/ _ sen 8 group. 

the lioness was once reproached by a more prolific 
animal with bearing but a single cub at a time, she 
replied, says the fable, " Only one — ^but a lion !" a faWe 
Denmark may point to her Thorwaidsen group here, ^-^'^"^ ' 
and say to any who thinks her list in the Catalogue 
meagre, " Only one — but a lion !" 

The Denmark Court is semicircular. The wall 
which skirts it is draped with maroon-coloured vel- 
vet, against which the white plaster figures are dis- 
played with fine efi'ect. These thirteen figures were b -.story of the 
originally placed in the Metropolitan Church, at 
Copenhagen, and so arranged that the figure of Our - 
Saviour was fifty feet from the Apostles, and quite 
elevated above them. On this account, it was made 
larger than the others. Here, the group is necessa- 
rily crowded, though not to the loss of a pleasing 
effect. "When the marble figures were completed, ihemarWea. 
they were substituted for these in the church named, 
and these were sold to Mr. E. Beck, the Danish 
Consul in New York, who has courteously contri- 
buted them to the Exhibition. It was not a trifling 
work to erect and arrange the figures, but the admi- 
rable manner in which it has been done is creditable 
to all concerned in it. We will briefly name the Sanies aivt 
statues, and the emblem each one bears. Paul holds ., , 
a sword, as the symbol of his martyrdom. This 
apostle, who never saw his Lord and Master, is sub- 
stituted for the unfaithful Judas. Peter, on the Peter, 
other side, carries the keys of power. Simon holds fiunon. 
the saw, to indicate the martyrdom he endured. 
Matthew has the significant money-bag at his feet. Matthews,'. 
In his hand he holds a tablet, to indicate his office 
of recording evangelist, while an angel kneels by his 



104 



A DAY IN THE 



Bartholomew. 
John. 



Jamea. 

James, son of 
Alpheus. 

Thomas. 

Philip. 

Andrew. 

Thaddeus. 



Character of 
the works. 



Canada. 



Number of 
exhibitors. 



Threshing 
machine. 



Carriage's and 
sleiffhs. 



Native furs. 

Mosaic sleigh- 
robe. 



Bark canoe. 



Native 
productSw 



side. Bartholomew carries a knife, a token of his 
traditional death by martyrdom. John, "the beloved 
disciple," seems to be listening to the voice that 
addressed him in the isle of Patmos, saying, "Write." 
James, the brother of John, about to set out on his 
apostolic journey, bears in his hand the pilgrim's 
staff. The other James leans upon a staff. Thomas 
holds the square — symbolic of his mind, requiring 
exact evidence. Philip, the aged, carries a cross of 
cane. Andrew holds a parchment-roll, and bears in 
his right hand the cross of his martyrdom. Thad- 
deus bears the axe, the instrument by which he fell 
a martyr to his faith in Christ, 

Of these works, we may remark, that the more 
they are contemplated, the grander do they become 
to the understanding. 

The contributions of Canada, to which we next 
devote our attention, occupy Courts 1 and 2 of this 
Division, and some space in the rear of these courts. 
The Ofiicial Catalogue gives us the names of up- 
wards of one hundred and fifty contributions, repre- 
senting nearly every class of objects. Just in front 
of the Denmark Court, is a mammoth threshing 
machine and separator, as a good illustration of the 
agricultural energy of the Canadians. 

Court 1 is divided into two sections. In the 
southern part, we find carriages and sleighs of taste- 
ful design and excellent workmanship. They all illus. 
trate the manufactures of Quebec. Many beautiful 
specimens of furs of native animals are here exhib- 
ited, and, conspicuous in their midst, a sleigh-robe, 
composed of nearly 10,000 pieces of fur, sent from 
Montreal. A voyageur's l^ark canoe is suspended 
above the furs. In the northern half of Court 1, 
passing down on the left-hand, we find, chiefly, exam- 
ples of the produce of Canada ; its timbers, maple 
sugar, honey, hams, vegetable seeds, oils and drugs. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 105 

Some of these vie with the choicest productions of [Canada.] 
any land. Returning upon the other side, we find 
numerous manufactures of Canada, of its Indian, as 
well as its Anglo-Saxon, productions. The former Manufactures 
embrace moccasins, and many small wares, wrought 
or ornamented by the Lorette Indians ; while the lat- 
ter are quite numerous and of many classes, A 
beautiful carpet, made by the ladies of Hamilton, A carpet, 
adorns this court. Cavalier's boots, snow-shoes, pot- 
tery, rope, horse-shoes, and other fabrics, are found Varieties. 
here. In a recess of Court 8, we may notice some 
novel metallic splints for surgeons' use, and a few New splints. 
specimens of the fine arts. An oil-painting, repre- Oil painting, 
senting the '' presentation" of an Indian chief, with 
original portraits of the principal Indians of Lorette, 
painted by Thielcke, of Quebec, has an historical 
interest. 

In Court 2, there are some superb blankets of fine Court 2. 
white wool, regarded as being superior to those Fine 
which took a medal at the London Exhibition, and 
were sold to the Queen. They are contributed by 
Pattersox, of Dundas. Besides various specimens 
of woollen fabrics and mixed stuffs, we notice in the 
court, some fine samples of porpoise leather, much Porpoise 
esteemed for its softness and durability. There are 
a few specimens of linen manufactures from Canada Linens. 
East. V 

It would be difficult to overlook a splendid carpet, Elegant 
wrought in Berlin wool, by the ladies of Toronto, 
like the one in the adjoining court, for the benefit of 
the church. There are various excellent specimens 
of embroidery, knitting and lace working to be seen Embroideries, 
here. The courts fronting on the north nave, except 
the first and part of the second, contain the woollen 
and mixed fabrics, and the printed goods of the UNrrEo 
United States. In Court 2, we find some handsome 
and substaatial shawls, fine flannels, woollen yarns. Shawls. 
5* 



106 



A DAY IN THE 



Printed 
fabrics. 



Woollen 
goods. 



Fine cloths. 



Snowy 
blankets. 



Dyed and 
printed cloths. 



The four 
Divisions 
completed. 



printed woollens, of superior colours, from the Man- 
chester Print Works, and remarkably fine beaver 
cloths, from the Union Mills in Connecticut, 

Court 3 is almost exclusively occupied by woollen 
fabrics, from various mills. Blankets, cassimeres, 
cloths and shawls, indicate the great excellence to 
which these manufactures have attained in the Uni- 
ted States. The black cloths of Slater & Co. 
are of remarkably fine quality. Some embroidered 
blankets, of almost snow-white wool, are found at 
the entrance of the court. They are from the Bay 
State Mills, (Mass.; 

In Court 2, we meet with printed and dyed textile 
fabrics, and the brilliance of the goods here exhi- 
bited, affords evidence that our print works are not 
lagging in the race for improvement. De laines and 
furniture-cloths, printed with copper shells, woollen- 
printed lawns, bareges and silks, dyed flannels, and 
many other examples, are presented in this court. 

Our review of the four great divisions of the Crys- 
tal Palace is here completed, and a new field of ob- 
servation invites us. 



NEW YOR-T CRYSTAL PALACE, 107 



MACHINE Allt3ADE, 

Aim ADJACENT COUErS IN DIVISIONS A AlTD B. 

In onr examination of the East Xave, it will be MAcuiNKur. 
recollected that we stopped short at the crystal 
fountain, leaving that, and all beyond it, to be in 
eluded with the objects in the Machine Arcade. la 
like manner, the courts opening upon the arcade in 
Division A, and containing the carriages of the 
United States, and the corresponding coui'ts in 
Division B, containing chiefly English machinery, # 
were left for subsequent inspection. 

We propose now to enter upon that important Sbirtisig 
field of observation ; and for that purpose, we must 
make our way to the very spot where we turned our 
steps in the East Kave, beneath the crystal foun- 
tain. 

Tliis fountain bears no resemblance whatever to i'"'- 
the jeis cVeau of ordinary fountains. In- the latter, 
the' water rises to the level of its source. In the 
crystal fountain the effect is produced by machinery. 
The fountain is a cylinder of perhaps twelve feet in 
height and two feet in diameter, over the flanged 
edge of which a body of water is made to flow with 
great force in the shape of a dome. The fountain 
is enclosed with glass to confine the spray. The 
effect is produced by a pump within the cylinder, 
called Gwynne's Centrifugal Pump, which is put in J^^^t" 
operation by the steam power of the Arcade. The 
water flows back into the reservoir, and is again 
thrown into the cylinder, to be in like manner 
returned to the reservoir. 



re 

I' 



108 



A DAY IN THE 



English 
machinery 



iron 
machines. 



Agricultural 
implements. 



Here let us avail ourselves of a suitable occasion 
to inspect the English machinery courts, which open 
at this point, Division D. Passing into the sec- 
tion which embraces Courts 23, 24, 25 and 26, we 
find upon our right hand a variety of machines of 
large size and massive appearance, designed for work- 
Whithworth's ing in iron. They are not in operation, and do not, 
therefore, attract the attention which they merit, as 
examples of the excellence of the English machinery 
employed in iron manufactures. The names and pur- 
poses of these machines are stated in the Official 
Catalogue, Class vi., of Great Britain. 

The next group of objects embraces the agricultu- 
ral machines of Class ix., exhibited by Crosskill. 
They are formidable looking implements, especially 
the patent "clod crusher," and the prize-medal ''iron 
harrow," 

The sheep-washing apparatus of Mr. Bigg, would 
be vastly interesting if we could witness its practi- 
cal working. It is said that, with the assistance of 
five men, it will wash five hundred sheep in one day. 
The culture of wool is not sufficiently general in this 
country to make our people familiar with this process. 
Blackmore's bolting mill exhibits improvements in 
bolting cloths. 

We have been passing, on the left hand, a long range 
of beautiful machinery for cotton mills, the patent 
roving and slubbiug frames, exhibited by Mason, 
of Manchester. These are sometimes put in motion. 

The southern refreshment saloon, distinguished as 
the Ladies' saloon, opens at the end of the machine 
courts of the British division. At this point we 
may advantageously pass over the space which inter- 
venes the line of the Machine Arcade. Many of the 
objects here are rather important than attractive, 
and we pass stoves, and ranges, and boiler-flues, with 
a bare glance. 



Sheep- 
washing 
apparatus 



Bolting mill. 



Cotton 
machinery 



Ladies' 
saloon. 



NEW YOUE CRYSTAL PALACE. 109 

We may linger a few moments to inspect O'Neill's Balcony 
plan for an elevated or balcony railway in Broad- Broadway! 
way, which, with half-a-dozen models of bridges, Models of 
may be found in this section, though belonging to ^^ ^^^' 
Class vii. of the United States. 

The stocking-knitting machine of Jacquin, from stocking 
Brussels, may be found in this section, and its curious machine. 
operation will well reward our notice. A stand, upon 
which are displayed varieties of American woods, 
may be found just beyond the stockino;-machines. American 

'' 1 woods. 

Re-entering the nave, we may inspect the vari- 
ous sewing-machines, placed to the east of the Sewing 
fountain. There are several of these, by rival ex- 
hibitors, the comparative merits of which we are 
neither competent nor required to determine. They 
are sufficiently represented by agents and circulars, 
to justify us in passing them without further re- 
mark. The visitor who desires to do so can obtain 
a specimen of any of the various kinds of work per- 
formed by these steel and brass automata ! The 
two mammoth printing presses, stretching back to Printing 
the Machine Arcade, are employed much of the time ^^^^^^' 
in printing the Official Catalogue,, and the Illustrated 
Record of the Exhibition, under the superintendance 
of J. F. Trow. The first is what is termed a cylin- 
der machine, designed for rapid printing, and the p/ess! ^^ 
other a platen press, with which better work is done piaten press. 
than with the cylinder, but at a lower rate of speed. 

We are now brought to the verge of the Machine 
Arcade, at a point midway of its length, and our Entering the 

Arc ^T)S! 

course will be towards the north extremity upon the 
left side. The machinery of the United States is 
cataloofued without reference to the Official Classifi- 
cation, which places direct machines in Class v., and ^^^^®^ 
indirect machines in Class vi. The two classes are 
united, and the number of exhibitors in both, ex 
elusive of Carriages, is 438. 



110 



A DAY IN THE 



Machines not 
noticed. 



Our aim. 



Hydraulic 
machines. 



Their name 
" Legion." 



Line of 
march. 

Circular saw. 



Ban-el 
machine. 



Stone- 
dressing 
machine. 



Of many of these machines we shall say nothing at 
all in this manual, either because they are their own 
best exponents, or that they have no peculiar claim to 
notice, in a work which aims to conduct the visitor, 
without needless delay, through the Exhibition. 

It is obviously impossible that the principles upon 
which machines are constructed, should be discussed 
here. Our purpose will be to point out the more 
important and novel objects before us. 

The first class of machines which we. observe, on 
the line of our advance, is properly termed hydrau- 
lic. It embraces pumps, of all descriptions, for 
raising waters from the deeps, or for forcing it to 
the heights. We should find it a tedious task to, 
inspect all these in detail, for their name is legion. 
From the little hand-pump to the formidable hydrau- 
lic ram, they are before us, spouting or pouring in- 
cessantly. 

Let us pursue the line of the wall where it turns 
to the north-west, and we shall presently come to 
Bemis's circular sawing machine ; a thin flexible 
blade of steel, with which the operator can cut any 
curved or circular figure at his will. In a twinkling 
he will furnish you with a figure of eight in wood, 
the work of his obedient saw. We may now notice 
upon our right hand Trapp's patent machine for 
making barrels, from a white lead or powder keg, up 
to a huge wine cask. It is a very ingenious machine ; 
takino; blocks of wood and sawius: them into staves, 
and then putting them together, heading and hoop- 
ing them completely. 

The next point of prime attraction is at Gkeely's 
machinery for dressing any description of stone. It 
shapes and moulds blocks of free-stone or marble for 
cornices, with great rapidity, and as efficiently as 
hand-dressing. 

A rotary engine, iitvented and exhibited by Bar- 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. Ill 

ROW, has been applied to a small boat with a con- Rotary 
siderable degree of success. A similar engine, of 
large size, is now propelling a passenger boat on the 
Passaic river, which it is said can run twelve miles One in use. 
in an hour. 

That ponderous machine which appears to have 
sunk through the floor, is Dick's " boiler plate 
shears," for cutting thick sheets of cold iron. It iron shears, 
is capable of cutting a plate more than half an 
inch thick, as we cut card-board with a pair of 
scissors ! 

We may examine with interest, at this point, one 
of the most beautiful steam engines ever made in 
this or in any country. It is called " The Southern "Southern 

Belle." 

Belle,^' a name which indicates its origin. It was 
made at the Winter Iron Works, at Montgomery, 
in Alabama, and does credit to all concerned in its 
construction. It is of thirty horse power, and so 
elaborately finished that it cost $1000. / ^ 

We have now arrived at that part of the Machine Driving 
Arcade, where the " primum mobile " of its multi- 
farious processes is to be found. Before us are the 
two powerful steam engines which propel all the 
machinery that is put into motion, except by hand. 
The first of the two, which carries the western line 
of shaftins:, is a horizontal double cylinder enerine, Double 

IT 1 • 1 /,, T cylinder 

made at the Lawrence machine shop, (Massachu- engine. 

setts.) The other, connected with the eastern shaft, 

is a beam engine, made by Corliss & Nightin- Beamengino. 

GALE, at Providence, Rhode Island. They are both 

sixty horse power engines, and so perfect is their 

operation that they produce scarcely a sensible 

tremor in the floor of the Arcade. It is interesting 

to stand and see these two ponderous engines, and 

the beautiful '' Southern Belle" by their side, all 

together in motion ; the huge fly wheels revolving, 

and the polished arms, levers and beams reciprocat- 



112 



A DA-K IN THE 



The "poetry 
of motion." 



Eock drill. 



Wood 

working 

machines. 



Patent 

washing 

machine. 



Eotary 
engine. 

Models of 

piston 

engines. 



Sugar 
refining mill. 



Smut 
machine. 

Stave 
eutt«r. 



ing with the very sublimest " poetry of motion" our 
imagination can comprehend. 

We now pass around these engines to inspect a 
mammoth rock-drill — a vast steel augur propelled 
by steam, to bore holes in granite or other rocks, a 
striking exemplification of the power of machinery. 

In the rear of the instrument we may find machines 
for planing, tongueing and grooving, and for mor- 
tising lumber for building purposes. The careful 
housewife will not be induced to pass, without notice. 
King's patent washing machine — an ingenious con- 
trivance, by which, without rubbing, five or six 
dozen soiled garments are cleansed in the space of 
five minutes, by the agency of steam. It is truly a 
labour-saving machine, and considering the desagre- 
mejis of '' washing day" in the house; it might prove 
also a great temper-^d^Ymg apparatus. 

As we return to the main passage, we may notice 
upon our right hand Bristol's rotary steam engine, 
and upon the left, a curious model of what is called 
a ''revolving piston engine," in which the crank 
motion is entirely dispensed with. Of the same class 
of inventions and novelties in the application of 
steam power, is Pease's " rotary piston engine," for 
producing direct and continued motion. 

A centrifugal machine for refining green sugar, 
may be seen upon our left hand as we proceed up 
the Arcade. It is in motion, but the cleansing pro- 
cess can only be conceived of, in the absence of the 
raw material for it to work upon. The machine 
consists of two revolving perforated drums of copper, 
into which the green sugar is put. The molasses 
percolates the drums, and is discharged below ; the 
sugar, in five minutes, remains dry in the drums. 

A smut machine and a new samp mill will stop 
the farmer, while others pass on to see Mowrey's 
stave machine cut a block of wood into half a dozen 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 113 

finished staves in a very few minutes. Just across 

the passage, is Dick^s boiler puncli, a powerful Boiler 

machine for punching holes in boiler iron ; and next ^°°*^ " 

to it, with its everlasting trip, trip, is a gold-beater's Gold beater. 

hammer. Observe how the iron fingers which hold 

the skin and its golden enclosure, shift it beneath 

the blows of the sledge, and every few moments 

turn it completely over. 

Opposite to these is a machine for mortising MoKtiser. 
wood, and another for cutting the fellys of wheels, Feiiy cutter, 
while upon the right hand again, we observe exten- 
sive machinery for breaking and dressing flax, an in- Flax brake, 
teresting process, which the visitor will do well to 
witness. 

An atmospheric governor for valves, contrived by vau^e 
Tremper of Buffalo, acts upon a very simple prin- *^^®''°^ * 
ciple, and seems to be both efficient and economical. 
Yery few will look without interest at Hutchin- 
son's stave and barrel machinery, includino^ the stare and 
stave-cutter, the stave-jomer, the crozer and the machine, 
header, with which contrivances a neat barrel is 
very soon turned out of a rude block ! 

The cotton-gin is a machine employed to separate Cotton-gin. 
the seed from the fibre of the cotton plant, a process 
absolutely essential to the preparation of cotton 
for the market and for the factory. .Carver's gin, 
which we now observe on the right hand, is very 
highly esteemed by planters as a rapid and clean 
operator. A specimen of the cotton plant, with its Cotton plant, 
bolls ripe and bursting, is here displayed. A large 
field covered thickly with such plants, in the flush 
of the cotton harvest, is a most beautiful sight, re- 
sembling in its brilliancy a snow-clad meadow. 

Passing a variety of machines, for sawing and 
planing wood, we arrive again in the region of 
hydraulic apparatus. Just before us, is Gwynne's- Gwynne's 
celebrated centrifugal pump, which we mentioned in ^^™^' 



114 



A DAY IN THE 



Capacity. 



Gary's new 
rotary pumps. 



Hydrants. 



Improvement. 



French 

automaton 

printer. 



Printing 
in colours. 



Registering. 



Every man 
his own 
printer I 



Ruling 
machine. 



\^' 



connection with the fountain, in the east nave. It is 
said to be capable of discharging 1000 gallons of 
water every minute. 

Proceeding northward, we may notice tlie new 
patent rotary pumps, exhibited by Gary, remarkable 
for the beauty and uniformity of their operation, and 
for. their surprising power in lifting water, and in 
projecting it to great elevations. 

Two or three hydrants, of different construction, 
present themselves among other hydraulic instru- 
ments. That of Cochran has novel features, and 
possesses real excellence, since it will economize 
water, and lessen, or obviate, the injury done to the 
foundation of buildings by those commonly in use. 

Beyond the iron-shaping engines of the Saco 
Water Power Company, are curious machines for 
setting and distributing type, invented and con- 
structed by Delcambre of Paris. 

A printing press of new construction, from the 
West, is followed by a lithographic press, kept in 
operation by Laing, in colour-printing, or as it is 
technically termed, chromo-lithography. A separate 
stone is employed for each colour, and the difficulty 
of this art, especially in delicate and many-coloured 
work, is in obtaining and maintaining a perfect 
register ; that is, such an adjustment of each stone, 
as to make the effects of all harmonious. 

An ingenious little instrument, called a " Typo- 
grapher," is exhibited by Jones. The letters of the 
alphabet are projected from a disc, and by some 
simple arrangement, envelopes and cards are printed 
with scarcely less dispatch than they could be written. 
Lawyers could print their deeds by this instrument, 
or snaall hand bills could be struck off. 

A machine for ruling letter and account paper, 
now presents itself to notice ; and next, we find a 
press for making plugs of tobacco. This is one of 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 115 

the most ingenious machines in the Arcade, taking 

roll after roll of leaf-tobacco, and delivering them in TSbacco 

111 /. . . P'Ug press. 

shapely plugs, at the rate ot twenty m a mmute. 
The leaves are gummed before they are put into the 
hopper, to make them adhere firmly in the plug. 
The machine cleans itself after each plug is com-^ 
pressed. It is patented by Parker. 

Observe now, to the left hand, two ingenious and 
important machines, invented by Wyllys, and ex-_ 
hibited by Collins of Connecticut. The first is a 
roller-cot machine, and such is the beauty of its ope- Eoiier-cot 
ration, that it well deserves the title of "Automatic" ™'^°'^'^®- 
which has been given to it. Roller-cots are small Roiier-cots. 
cylinders of leather, employed to cover the speeders 
of cotton mills. Upwards of thirty thousand are 
consumed every day in Massachusetts alone, and 
hitherto these have been all made by hand. This ingenious 
ingenious machine cuts the leather, bevels its edges, p™*^**®^' 
applies warm cement to one of them, bends the strip 
into the cylindrical form, presses the edges together, 
and then deposits the cot in a basket connected with 
the machine at the rate of ten per minute. 

The other machine is, perhaps, still more impor- 
tant to cotton manufacturers, its object being to 
equalize the sliver in drawing cotton, so as to pro- Machine for 
duce perfect evenness of the yarn in every number, cotton yarn. 
This it accomplishes in a very ingenious and satis- 
factory manner. 

We have now arrived in that part of the Arcade, 
where the spinning machines and looms are placed, ^P^^^jj'g" 
and the noise of their combined motion is often 
enougrh to distract weak nerves. These unpleasant '^eak 

nerves. 

appendages should, therefore, be left behind by those 
who visit this department. Here are looms and 
spinners of every description, and they whirl, and 
whiz, and thump, and bang, with delightful unanimity. 
One may aptly exclaim with the poet, describing the 



116 



A DAY IN THE 



Sensations. 



effect produced upon him, by contemplating Purbeck^s 
theory of the crystal spheres of Ptolemy — 

" Within my ears I hear a sound 
Of fifty mill-wheels whirling round." 



Cop spinner. 



Gingham 
loomL 



Shoe pegging 
machine. 



Memorial of 
the past. 



Cylinders old 
and new. 



Models. 



Lilliputian 
engine. 



It would be a tedious task for us to indicate the 
separate machines of this part of the Arcade. The 
frame, known as Dodge's Cop Spinner, is conspicu- 
ous among them, while on the left, is the loom of 
the Ames Company at Chicopee, for weaving ging- 
hams. Many of the looms are in constant operation, 
and have obliging attendants, who are ready to ex- 
plain and illustrate their mode of operation. 

Continuing our steps southward, we notice machine 
bands, machine card-clothing and weaver's reeds, 
essential parts of cotton and wool machinery. 

A percussive shoe-pegging machine, is one of the 
novelties of the Exhibition, for which a patent has 
just been issued to its inventor, Gallahue. It will 
peg a number six shoe in a single minute. 

An object of interest, close under the wall of the 
Arcade, should properly detain us for a moment. It 
is the identical cylinder which played so important 
a part in the first steam voyage ever made across 
the Atlantic — the cylinder of the " Savannah." It 
looks rough and weather-beaten, by the side of its 
young cousin, a cylinder of an oscillating beam-engine, 
but recently made at the Allaire Works ; yet it did 
good service in its day, and we pay it now a tribute 
of respect ! 

We have now reached a table, closely covered 
with models, quite " too numerous to mention." 
Here are bizarre contrivances, called "multiplying 
gear," in which the wheels reel and wabble^ as if 
they were all intoxicated. Among many larger 
objects, let us not overlook a Lilliputian steam- 
engine, which is set in motion by a breath. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 117 

The manufactures of India rubber and gutta per- India rubber 
cha are displayed at this point. It is truly astonish- 
ing to witness the variety of articles now made from 
these materials. The display embraces not only 
garments and shoes, but toys, brushes, combs, knife- 
handles, canes, boxes, and even a cabinet closely 
resemblins: ebonv I All these are made of vulcan- Vulcanized 

" ' rubber. 

ized caoutchouc, or India rubber curiously combined 
with sulphur. 

Our inspection of these remarkable goods has 
carried us around the south end of the Arcade, and 
past the open door of the Mineraloo^ical Cabinet. It Mineral 

r n 1 1 -i • f 1 Cabinet 

IS well, perhaps, that we leave it tor subsequent passed. 
examination, and proceed along the west line of the 
Arcade. 

The Glendon Rolling Mill displays iron in its ironworks, 
"various styles of manufacture, and plates and bars 
of rolled and drawn iron. Further on, we find steel 
axles, and springs, and railway-carriage wheels. A Springs. 
neat loom, to be worked by hand, dares to show Hand loom, 
itself amid its rivals, which depend on power. Of 
these, a beautiful model is here displayed — -it is 
Reynold's patent power loom. It takes a larger Power loom, 
machine to make ship-biscuit and crackers, than one Cracker and 

,,..•,„ . . , . biscuit 

would imagine, before seeing one m operation. machine. 

The idea of paging blank-books by machinery, is Paging 
of modern origin ; but now, all manufacturers adopt 
some such method. An ingenious instrument, for 
this purpose, is here exhibited ; the numbers mov- 
ing in succession upon an endless band. 

Passing, with somewhat quickened pace, along 
the Arcade, with a glance for the "rag-picker," the Various 
hydraulic press, a beautiful cotton-gin, a power churn 
for making ice-cream, a gold washer, and a nail 
machine, we linger a moment at the type-casting Casting type. 
machine, exhibited by Johnson & Co. of Philadel- 
phia. See, how fast the bright and slender letters 



118 



A DAT IN THE 



Brick 
machines. 



Bonnet 
presser. 



Electro- 
magnetic 
engine. 



End of the 
Arcade. 



Omissions. 



Want of space, 



Cabbiages. 



Variety of 
styles. 



drop from the matrix — and they are the true levers, 
after all, with which the world is moved I 

Among models of brick-making machines, there is 
one exhibited by Sands & Gumming, of Washington, 
the operation of which is very ingenious. It tempers 
the clay, and moulds six bricks in five seconds. 

The hat and bonnet press, exhibited by Mrs. 
DowE, attracts attention from far more portentous 
machines. It is really a very useful and economical 
contrivance. The electro-magnetic machine of Pro- 
fessor Yergnes is not in operation — as we could 
wish it were — that this novel and much talked-of 
motive-power might be made intelligible to the 
multitude. 

Here we find our rapid survey of the machine 
department of the Crystal Palace completed. The 
hour we have given to it, has sufficed only to bring 
its chief points before our notice. We have, of 
necessity, overlooked meritorious contrivances, either 
wholly, or in part, novel. A volume would be re- 
quired to catalogue with descriptions — however 
brief they might be — the really useful machines 
upon exhibition. We have done no intentional 
injustice to any one in omitting to point out his 
especial contrivance, and have felt at every step of 
our progress through the Arcade, the want of space, 
not there, but in our humble Manual ! 

In the Official Catalogue, carriages are classed 
with direct machines. They have been placed, there- 
fore, in courts contiguous to the Machine Arcade, 
and directing our steps to Division A, we will now 
make a rapid tour of those courts. 

The Catalogue gives us a list of about twenty-five 
contributors, and they send nearly all descriptions 
of vehicles — from the omnibus, " licensed to carry 
fourteen," but compelled, upon occasion, to carry 
twenty-four — to the " dog-cart," so called for its ex- 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 119 

treme lightness. Several of the carriages are of 

exceedingly elegant finish, both inside and outside, 

and comparisons between these would be " odious." 

We notice particularly the "Gazelle wagon," as The "Gazelle 

having been an object of attraction at the great 

Londou prototype of our Crystal Palace. 

The novel style of springs applied to Hubbarq's Novel 

1.. ,. c springs. 

carnages, makes them also justly objects of our 
notice. Their elegant bucrgv, and those of Miner 
AND Stevens, and of Smith and Son, are really 
beautiful examples of elegant and yet substantial Elegant 

bu°""'ies. 

light vehicles for the road. The beautiful sleigh, in 
the interior of the courts, kindles our imagination 
with thoughts of the snow, sparkling in the winter 
moonlight, and of the fleet steed spurning it beneath A sieigh 
his flying hoofs, as we put him, nothing loath, to his suggestions, 
mettle, upon a well-beaten track ! 

Making our way back to the nave, and crossing Re-enter the 
it in front of the fountain, we seek the south-eastern 
stairway, close by, which will conduct us into the 
galleries of the Palace. These do not correspond. Gallery 

, .. divisions. 

m shape, to the divisions below, but extend over the 
portions of the building within the cross proper ; and 
also, at each extremity, project over the naves. It 
will be intelligible enough, however, to those who 
have followed this Manual, if we designate each by Designations. 
the same letter which is attached to the division 
beneath it — as Gallery A, Gallery B, &c. We can- 
not, from the shape of the galleries, pursue them, 
without loss of time, in the same order which marked 
our progress on the floor, but shall be obliged partly 
to invert them. Beginning with Gallery B, we shall Mode of 
pass into C ; thence into D ; and, finally, completing p^*'^®®^" 
the tour, through A, we shall come back to the en- 
trance of the Picture Gallery, — whence, also, we 
shall now start upon our round. 



120 



A DAT IN THE 



GALLERY B- 



GBEAT BEITAIN AND TRTILAND. 



The Gallery. AscENDiNG the stairs On the South side of the East 
nave, and opposite the busy printing presses of the 
Palace, we find ourselves in the gallery over Divi- 
sion B ; which we have, with deliberate care, chosen 
in preference to beginning with Gallery A, and mov- 

Our coarse, ing in an opposite direction around the Palace. On 
our left hand, crowd the agricultural implements of 
the United States ; but we heed them not. Our 
path lies straight before us, towards the dome : up- 
on one side, the light iron railing of the gallery, with 
its drapery of red cloth, and upon the other, a beau- 

Surroundings. tiful display of Irish and English lace fabrics, em- 
broidered cambrics, and other examples of orna- 
mental needle work. 

We are not sufficiently versed in the mysteries of 
crochet, guipure, and ajiplique, to venture upon par- 
ticular descriptions of the exquisite fabrics which are 
here sjDread and hung before us. The ladies, who 
will be most interested in tMs section, are abundantly 
able to appreciate their excellence, and will not, as 
we might do, mistake a flounce for a scarf ; or worse 
still, fail to discriminate between crochet and point 
cVapplique. 

Irish lace. The manufactures of Ireland, in this graceful 

department of industrial art, are beautifully repre- 
sented in the first case which we examine — that of 
Messrs. Higgins & Co. — whose laces and embroid- 



Mysteries. 



Interest for 
the ladies. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 121 

ered muslins are the admiration of all visitors. We Irish muslins, 
are not able to say how much the envy of fair visit- 
ors is excited by the good fortune of Mrs. President 
Pierce — as the donee of the beautifully embroidered 
cambric handkerchief — displayed in front of their 
case. 

The next case will, in no wise, abate our satisfac- 
tion with Irish laces and embroideries. Limerick Limerick 
lace — judged by the examples before us — may vie 
with the finest fabrics of Brussels. The next speci- 
mens are from England — by direct and indirect con- English 
tributions, and are of great beauty, both in design 
and execution. All these objects belong to Class 
xix., and so also do the various carpets which hang Carpets from 
from the girders along the passage of this gallery, 
and of which beautiful specimens are exhibited by 
Henderson & Widnell, of Scotland. 

We must not pass too hastily a case containing 
specimens of embroidery in various styles by children works of the 

. . children of 

of the industrial Poor Schools, m Ireland ; and also poor schoois- 
Limerick lace, from the famous manufacturers, Lam- Fine lace. 
BERT & Bury, of Limerick. The fine sewed muslins Sewed 
of HoLDEN are at the end of the first passage, and 
we turn immediately to traverse the second passage, 
observing that the objects we notice are upon our 
left hand — unless by marked exceptions. 

We are now in a wilderness of sewing cotton. ^^^"^ 
The spools are thick as leaves in Yallambrosa, and 
some of them are fanciful enough to make us look 
closely ; especially that mammoth reel with a glass Mammoth 
medallion upon its head, exhibited by Clark. 

A pair of socks, knitted by a sister of the Ayr- Pai^of 

i- ^ J J socks. 

shire poet, in her eightieth year, is a curiosity enough 
to attract our notice. The leisure of conventual Conventual 
existence, is proved by the numerous embroideries 
and fancy needleworks of the Sisters of Mercy, 
belonging to the Kinsale Convent in Ireland. Of 
6 



122 



A DAY I N T H E 



More spools. 
Hosiery. 



Chamois 
leather. 



Fine scar£ 



Bonnets. 

Hair-work. 

Eibbons. 

Etched 
jloyleys. 

Honiton lace. 



Scottish 
worked 
muslins. 



Fine lace 
flounce. 



Various 
fabrics. 



Hos'ery. 



L. inbskin 
n its and 
rugs. 

Leathers. 



Screwed 
shoes. 

Sich vest. 



cotton spools, the cry is " still they cotiie ;" and we 
pass them to notice a large display of hosiery from 
that world-renowned city of looms, the English Not- 
tingham. Fine samples of chamois leather are ex- 
hibited by Bailey & Shaw, of the same place. 

The next object which we discover is a knitted 
scarf of nnbleached linen, containing, says the re- 
cord, three and a half million of stitches, and yet 
weighing only five and a half ounces I It is cer- 
tainly an extraordinary piece of work, and was 
wrought by a young lady of Ireland. 

Returning on the opposite side of the -passage, we 
notice bonnets ; ornamental hair-work, Coventry 
ribbons, embroideries in Berlin wool, and neat little 
doyleys, etched with views of Irish ruins. These 
are followed by Honiton and other laces, from Not- 
tingham, in two contributions ; and beneath all 
these successive objects, McDonald & Co. display an 
immense assortment of Scottish worked muslins and 
cambrics, insertions, &c. The fair visitor would not 
pardon us, if we failed to call her attention to that 
exquisite and costly flounce of real Honiton, imported 
by Jaffray of New York, and valued at a round 
thousand dollars. 

Sewing cottons, hosiery, ribbons, and laces, em- 
broideries in crochet and other styles, form the 
sequents of the passage. We turn into another at 
the hosiery case of Johnson & Co. of Manchester, 
and now find ourselves among the objects of 
Class xvi. 

Mats and rugs, of goat and lamb-skins, and vari- 
ous styles of leathers, are extensively displayed by 
two manufacturers of London. Beyond them we 
find a novelty in the shape of a shoe, made without 
sewing or pegging, the sole being neatly screwed to 
the upper leather I 

A fancy vest of crimson satin, under black lace, 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 123 

might be taken for a precious relic of the tunes of 

the magnificent Lou-is ! A good example of silk Siik screen. 

embroidery is afforded in a screen, by Mrs. Ditl, of 

Dublin. 

The other side of the passage presents to our 
notice an extensive display of coach trimmings, Coach lace. 
which are followed by a class of manufactures- 
novel in England and to us — ^fabrics of the cocoa- Fabrics of 

■ cocoa flbre. 

nut fibre. This fibre is exceedingly strong, and yet 
flexible, as the beauty of numerous examples demon- 
strates. There are three extensive contributors, all of . 
London ; and they send mattings and door mat;?, Door mats, 
lines and brushes. In one case the fibre is exhibited 
ih its natural state and in stages of manufacture. 
Immediately following these, are specimens of hemp Hemp 
carpeting and matting, remarkable for their strength *^ ^ ^°^* 
and neatness. 

A panorama of linen threads now opens before us. Linen 

. - i»~ 1 • 1 • threads. 

each^ successive part of ^the picture supplying some ~ 
lack of the others, and showing altogether the ex- 
tent and excellence of the British manufactures of 
fine thread. Turning into another passage around 
Taylor & Co.'s stand of perfumery and toilet soaps. Perfumery, 
we find ourselves apaong the scientific contributions Scientific, 
of Great Britain. These, though various, exhibit 
no peculiar degree of novelty or excellence. The 
reputation of the best English watches is, to be English 
sure, unrivalled ; and of these, there are some exam- 
ples in the chronometers, watches and movements 
of two or three London watchmakers. Frodsham's 
regulator clock, and Johnson's and Corderoy's 
watches, will bear minute and critical investigation. 
The optical instruments are represented by a fine 9p*^°*^ 

^ 1 mstruments. 

achromatic telescope of fifty-two inches, from God- 
DARD ; and some excellent achromatic microscopes JjfJ^^^^^^ 
and polished lenses from Solomon. The small exam- microscopes. 
pies are eye-guards, lorgnettes, stereoscopes, and stereoscopes. 



124 



A DAY IN THE 



Silver 
embossing. 



Anemometer. 



English 
photography. 



Surgical. 



Tunbridge 
ware. 



Mosaic 
chess table. 

Safety lamps. 



Invalid bed. 



"Old 

"Windsor" 

soap. 

A ruin. 



Stained glass. 



spectacles. Some very beautiful examples of em- 
bossing in silver or gold plate, are exhibited by 
Penny. Tiiis is an ancient art, and consists in 
heating up a plate to an artistic design. 

The anemometers, manufactured by Davis, are 
small instruments ; but they have an important office 
— viz., to measure and register the quantity of air 
circulating through the shafts and galleries of coal 
mines, and particularly of deep mines of bituminous 
coal, such as are found in England. 

Eour large daguerreotype views of the interior of 
the London Crystal Palace, by Mayall, are fine 
examples of English photography. 

Glancing at various surgical appliances, and at 
the models, of many kinds, furnished for pupils by the 
Department of Practical Art in England, we arrive 
at some contributions of the famous Tunbridge ware. 

Some of these are exceedingly curious and elabo- 
rate works. Of these, we notice particularly, a 
chess table containing the incredible number of two 
hundred thousand pieces of natural coloured woods. 

Three different varieties of safety lamps, for the 
use of miners, illustrate at once the terrible necessity 
for precaution against the foul air of deep shafts, 
and the triumphant skill of science in devising such 
precautions, in all ordinary circumstances, infallible 
in their efficiency. 

Sturrock's invalid bed, seems to be well adapted 
to its purpose of affording all possible comfort to the 
sufferer. 

A pleasing aroma is here inhaled from masses of 
real " brown old Windsor" and other fine soaps. 
One cannot help regretting to see here the debris 
only, of what doubtless was — when it left London — 
a full model in glass of the London Crystal Palace. 
Against the windows of the building the visitor will 
observe various examples of stained glass ; chiefly 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 125 

of scriptural subjects. They display great biiUiance Fine colours, 
of coloar, and are not deficient in artistic me It. 

Artificial flowers, once admirable specimens of Flowers. 
their kind, and a grotto of shells, are to be found SheU grotto, 
at the point. They are followed by some naval 
models ; these, by saddles, and we notice then, Saddles. 
wooden trenchers, with carved and inscribed bor- Trenchers 
ders, fancy boxes on carved wood, and other neat mutes. 
and useful objects, the work of deaf mutes in Ireland. 

An interesting display is here made by the Lon- 
don Society for teachino; the Blind, of embossed instruction 

'' ° ' for the bhnd. 

books, music, maps, and geometrical figures ; also, 
of games for their amusement. These are followed by 
a collection of objects made by the blind. Some 
unique examples of transparent drawings, and of Jawim^ 
cutting pictures in ornamental papers, will repay a 
moment's notice ; and, close by them, are numerous 
samples of paper, with ornamental and artistic Water 
water-marks, devised for security against forgery, papers, 
and manufactured by Saunders of London. 

Maps, mathematical and drawing apparatus. Maps and 
globes, compasses, and barometers, are further 
examples of the scientific contributions of Great 
Britain. 

Here let us bend our steps to the right, as if to 
examine the beautiful Axminster carpet, which A^™^^r 
hangs over the staircase, and proclaims the com- 
bined elegance, taste, and durability of those famous 
fabrics. Our real object is, however, to pass through 
the little court below it, hung on one side with tex- 
tile fabrics, and upon the other displaying ornamental 
works. Beyond a silver and crystal fruit-stand, is a 
case containing unique and beautiful manufactures 
of Irish bog oak, and of horse-hair. The former is a Bog oak and 

Tr» ' -i Ti'i- -11 P horse-hair 

black and nne-gramed wood, which is susceptible of ornaments. 
a high polish, and when carved with skill, is exceed- 
ingly beautiful. A case of malachite and silver 



126 



A DAY IN THE 



Church 
silver. 

Antique 
binding. 

Tara 
brooches. 



Fine medals. 



Irish wood 
carvings. 

Conncmara 
marble. 



Plated ware. 



Silver ware 
by Angell. 



Its excellence. 



Halt in ihe 
Deseri. 

Sir Roger de 

Coverly. 

-iEsop wine 
service. 



Garrard's 
silver ware. 

Candelabra. 



ornaments, is followed by Skidmore's cliurcli metal- 
lic wares, as silver sacrament chalices, &c., with 
examples of antique binding, in velvet and gold. 

The ancient Tara brooches of Wicklow gold, 
ornamented with Irish pearls, are beautiful and curi- 
ous examples of the jeweller's art. . 

The fine display of medals, by Wyan, chief engra- 
ver to the Mint, will reward our minute inspection. 
In another case, we have further specimens of bog- 
oak carvings, including an Irish mether, or ancient 
drinking cup. Ornaments in horse-hair, and in the 
beautiful green marble of Connemara, add interest 
to this contribution from Cornelius Goggan of 
Dublin. 

Passing a stand of showy silver plated ware, from 
Sheffield and Birmingham, we turn to the right, and 
approach the beautiful case of silver ware contributed 
by Angell of London. We are now to inspect a 
series of contributions, which do credit to the world- 
wide, and almost immemorial, fame of the London 
goldsmiths. Regard these works how we may, 
whether for massive splendour, or airy lightness, for 
artistic beauty and design, or skill in mechanical 
representation, they are unrivalled by any in the 
Exhibition. 

The case before us contains some works of exceed- 
ing beauty. Besides the great central group, illustrat- 
ing the " Halt in the Desert," which contains 400 
ounces of pure silver, and another beautiful group of 
Sir Roger de Coverly and the Gipsies, there is a wine 
service in silver, with illustrations from JEsop's fables, 
in alto-relievo, which the visitor will do well to look 
at closely, as he arrives presently on the opposite 
side of the case. 

What we have said of Mr. Angell's contributions, 
is true of those of Garrard, in the next case, on our 
right hand. That splendid silver candelabra, in the 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 127 

centre of the case, is by no means the only remarka- 
ble work in the collection, which embraces the fine 
group in silver, in an adjoining case, commemorating Sfe^pirj^ims. 
the "Landing of the Pilgrims." The Swiney prize swiney prize, 
cup, tells its own interesting story. Who shall be 
the fortunate possessor of that and of its golden con- 
tents, time only can disclose. The prize may well 
stimulate the ambition of our legal sages, as well as 
that of the British bar and bench. The silver cup, 
won by the yacht " America " and a case of electro- Prize cup of 

the vacht 

plated ware from London, have drawn our steps to America, 
the edge of the gallery, where a fine view, of the in- 
terior of the building, will reward us for a brief 
pause, the more refreshing, that we inhale the deli- 
cious aroma diffused from the fountain of toilet vin- fountain of 

toilet vinegar. 

egar, 'which is playing behind us, amid the choice 
perfumery of RiMiiEL of London. 

Repassing, on the inside, the cases of Garrard and 
of Angell, we come next to the extensive cases of 
Ei^iNGTON & Co. of London, in which they exhibit, Eiectro- 

' ^ ' plated ware 

by far, the finest examples of electro-plated ware we of Eikington 
have ever seen. First, we pass the table of electro- 
deposited bronzes from the antique. Then we have 
SjDecimens of all descriptions of useful and ornamental 
table ware of new designs obtained by the modern 
and beautiful art of chemical or electro-plating. 

As- if the eye could not grow weary of seeing 
examples of costly art, we have, still beyond, the un- 
surpassed display of Hunt & Roskell, extensive, Hunt& 

.^ ^ y . ^ ^ , ' . ' Eoskeirs 

magnificent, and varied. ^It embraces two massive splendid 

silver wftfG 

testimonials, of elegant workmanship ; but its crown- 
ing work is a centre-piece and candelabra, in solid 
silver, embelKshed with nine classical group's in 
white silver. 

Two curi(tusly minute working engines, exhibited Miniature 
by Warner, of the Polytechnic Institution in Lon- engines. 
don, attract the gaze and wonder of nearly all visit- 



128 



A DAY IN THE 



German 
organ. 



Peculiarity. 



British 
earthenware. 



Potteries of 
Staffordshire. 



Yarieties of 
clay. 



Cornish clay. 



Great 
progress. 



Classes xxv. 
and xxvii. 



ors. One of them has for its base, a silver 4d., of 
English currency. 

Turning our steps northward, we arrive at an 
organ of new construction — a truant from its own 
department, in the musical court of Germany. The 
peculiarity of it is twofold : the pipes are horizontal 
instead of perpendicular, and are served by a com- 
pensating or alternating bellows, — in working which, 
the use of the lever is dispensed with. It is contri- 
buted by Hechingen of Wurtemberg, and combines 
power with great sweetness of tone. 

We proceed now to the inspection of the British 
earthenware, which, in its multitudinous examples, 
occupies a large space in this gallery. The Stafford- 
shire potteries have acquired a wide celebrity for 
the excellence of their productions, which are diffused 
over tills Western Continent, as well as through 
many parts of the Old World. 

There are several varieties of clay used in the 
manufacture of earthenware in England. The best, 
for tlie production of the finer varieties of china, is 
the Cornish clay, which is a decomposed felspar of 
the granite, obtained abundantly in Cornwall. 

In no department of industrial art in Great Brit- 
ain, has there been a more rapid and stnking im- 
provement, within a few years past, than in this ; 
and although her ceramic productions may not rival, 
in delicacy and beauty, the porcelain fabrics of 
France, and Saxony, and Prussia, they afford exam- 
ples of far greater adaptation to the demands of 
every-day life, than the costlier and more elaborate 
works to which we have alluded, and of which there 
are numerous examples in the Exhibition, 

The English potteries are represented here by 
about twenty-five exhibitors, including^those of the 
two Classes, xxv. and xxvii. Some of them are 
met with in the Division below, and of the others, 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 129 

the testimony is around us. Yery numerous speci- Fine qiiaiities 

. , ^ „ 1 •! ., T of ware. 

mens of earthenware, m its finer lorms, are exhibited 
by Messrs. Mayer of Longport. Passing on the 
left of their tables, we observe plain and ornamented 
china ware, and Parian figures. At the extremity 
of the table are painted china slabs, for fire-places ; China slabs. 
and here we are surprised to find objects that we 
might be pardoned in mistaking for old stumps, ^yiJ|jj®J5'^^''® 
smoothly sawed off for seats, but proving, upon ex- 
amination, to be made, like the multitude of wares - 
around us, of clay ! 

We must here interrupt, for a moment, our obser- 
vations in the ceramic manufactures, to glance at 
the extensive display of fishing tackle and archery frcherl,*^^'^ 
implements, made by Ainge & Aldred of London. 
A case of very handsome whips and walking-canes is ^^^v^ and 
exhibited by -Swain & Adeny. 

Traversing a passage under the windows of the 
building, we have the wares of Mayer upon our 
right hand, and are presently introduced, upon the 
left, to further specimens of the Staffordshire china, cmS wSe!^ 
from various manufacturers. The painted and bisque Bisque. 
ware of Pratt ; the Parian vases, in blue and white, Parian vases, 
of BooTE ; examples of majolica ware, for garden Majolica 
uses, as vases and seats, (to be found upon the tables 
on our right,) and an almost endless variety of other 
earthenwares, pass under our eye. The sight of a 
table, laid with plates and dishes, naturally suggests 
a feast ; and it happens — we do not charge the 
Superintendent of this department with having prac- 
tised an intentional piece of waggery — for we say, it 
happens, that at the end of the table, among china 
and s:lass ware, we have the tokens of a feast before Tokens of a 

, . fenst. 

us 1 . A very tempting array of pickles, prepared by 
Feast of London, have, somehow, strayed from 
their proper court, and present themselves here. 
The numerous and beintifnl manufactures of 
6* 



130 



A DAY IN THE 



Splendid 
dessert set, 



Encaustic 
tiles. 



Minton&co. MiNTON & Co., of Staffordshire, here occupy the 
large corner upon our left hand ; and, in passing 
around the court, we find much to admire. The 
dessert service, in porcelain and parian — so tempt- 
ingly displayed in the centre, and already sold — is 
similar to one exhibited at the London Crystal 
Palace — purchased, by the Queen, for a thousand 
guineas, and presented to the Emperor of Austria. 

The encaustic tiles, of which so many beautiful 
specimens may here be seen, are peculiarly the pro- 
ductions of this house. They are designed for orna- 
mental floors, in churches and other buildings. The 
designs are painted, with mineral colours, upon the 
moulded but yet unbaked clay, and the tiles are then 
burnt to the hardness of stone. The china or ena- 
mel tablets, for displaying the names of streets and 
the numbers of houses, which are here exhibited, 
are the best devices of the kind within our know- 
ledge. 

The girders of this gallery are hung with various 
specimens of fine carpeting and drugget, presenting 
good examples of the English tapestries. 

In a large collection of beautiful china, exhibited 
by RiDGEWAY,'we note a large and highly ornamental 
fountain ; and a little further on, a neat toilet-basin 
upon a pedestal — all of veined stone china. 

Two of the long tallies, which now stretch before 
us to the south balcony, are covered profusely with 
the china of Rose & Co. We notice here an exten- 
sive variety of pure white, and of decorated pitchers 
and vases. 

The view from the south balcony of the Palace, 
is not of a nature to detain us from our observations 
within. Our path now lies between the tables of 
Rose & Co., whose beautiful supper services, at the 
north end of the table, are worthy of our notice. 

The next table is covered chiefly with exquisite 



Street and 
door tablets, 



Carpets. 



Ornaniontal 
fountain. 



Eose & Co.'s 
china ware. 



South 
lialcony. 



Supper 
Bervices. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 131 

works in Parian clay — the contribution of Alderman Parian ware 
CoPELAXD of London, to whose taste and enterprise copeiand. 
the introduction of this admirable material for artis- 
tic pottery into general use is due. 

Mr. CopELAXD has added a new power to art, and 
a new delight to its admirers, by his exquisite pro- 
ductions in this line. The colour of the Parian clay Panan clay 
is beautifully adapted to statuary, and its softness 
of tone surpasses that of the finest marble. In Mr. 
Copeland's collection, around which we must pass 
with only too much rapidity, are numerous groups Fine grotipg. 
of figures which challenge our admiration. They 
are both copies of famous subjects, and originals Copies and 
from the designs of Foley. The " Ino and Bac-^"^"'^^' 
chus," is one of the finest of the classical groups. Bacchus. 
The " Sabrina" of Marshall ; the royal children in Sabrina. 
the characters of the Four Seasons ; Paul and-Yir- ^yf^ 

' children. 

ginia, and the Prodigal Son, are widely differiug, p^.^^^^^ i so 
but all beautiful works. So very exquisite is this 
material for statuettes, that we are loath to see it 
used for less artistic objects. The Parian bust of 
Webster, at the north end of Mr. Copeland's tables, Bnst of 

Webster. 

will not escape the notice of all admirers of that 
great statesman — and who are they not ? » We may 
properly add here a few words as to the mode of Method of 
producing these beautiful figures. They are not Panan 
modelled by hand, as most people suppose ; but the 
clay, in a fluid state, is cast into plaster-of-Paris 
moulds. These absorb the water from the Parian, 
and the clay shrinks greatly in drying ; so that when 
it comes out of the mould, it is one-fourth less in Cast in 

moulds. 

size than the mould itself. This is a source of great 
difficulty in the manufacture of Parian ; and when Difficulties, 
this is controlled, the burning, or "firing," as it is 
called, exposes the figure to further risks of injury 
or ruin — escaping which, it is certainly one of the 
most ijlrasing" forms of art. 



132 



A DAT IN THE 



GALLERY C, 



GERMANY AND FRANCE. 



y^SSMANT. 



Amazon In 
silver. 



Jewellery. 



Flower of 
brilliants and 
rubies. 



Brashes. 



Immense 
Tariety of 
articles. 



Surgical 
instruments. 



At the very point where we finished our review ! 
of the British Gallery, we commence that of the 1 
German Gallery ; and the first object that presents ; 
itself to our notice is a model, in silver, of the admi- i 
"able group of the Amazon. ' The popularity of this 
great work is well attested by the variety of its re- i 
productions, — of which there are, at least, three i 
other examples in the Exhibition. Several cases of i 
fine jewellery are grouped before us, affording good ': 
exemplifications of the artistic forms which personal 
ornaments have now assumed. The most observed, 
perhaps, of all the works of the jewellers of the 
Zollverein, is the jewel-flower, exhibited by Hauleck. 
It is a carnation — the stem and leaves of gold and 
enamel, and the flower of brilliants and rubies. 

Leaving these objects on our left, we may notice N 
a large display of fine brushes before us ; and then, 
turning back, we pass along the most eastern line i 
of the German Gallery. The immense variety of 
the German contributions renders it a difficult mat- j 
ter to point out enough of them to keep the visitor | 
free from bewilderment. To mention them all, or 
even the half of them, would be impossible — unless i 
we had volumes, w^hen we have only pages, at our 
cpmmand. "^ 

A formidable collection of surgical instruments, , 
ffom WiiNSGHE of Liepsic, stares us full in the face i 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 133 

at the beginning of the line, and we stop to wonder 
that such brilUant and fanciful contrivances are strange 
associated with ideas and realities from which the 
bravest shrink appalled. A case of agate and glass Agate and 
marbles, and all manner of birds' eyes, for taxider- " 
mists, is in striking contrast to the lancets and tour- 
niquets just named. If we lift our eyes above the 
table, we find there a long panorama of zephyr Zephyr 
worsteds, fancifully arranged in graduated tints, of 
which there are said to be, in all, fifteen hundred. 
We presume no one would hesitate to pronounce 
these the contribution of Berlin. 

The porcelain ware of the Royal Prussian Factory Porcelain, 
now claims our notice, and we could not reasonably 
withhold our admiration fi'om its beautiful examples 
of industry, directed and embellished by a high style 
of art. Tlie vases of this collection are superbly Superb 
decorated, and the paintings on panels are probably 
not surpassed by any similar works in the Palace. 

We notice, next, a pair of candlesticks, in polished Agate 

csncllcsticfc*' 

agate, followed by a collection of groups and statu- 
ettes, in white china. A picture, painted on porce- WMte china. 
lain, representing '' Columbus in sight of land," is a Porcelain 
very attractive specimen of that class of art objects. ^^^^ ^J^^^^ 
Bohemian cut garnets, polished agate ornaments. Agates. ' 
bronzes, and lace of gold and silver thread, present goM and 
themselves in succession to our notice. Continuing ^^^^^^ thread. 
our progress, we presently reach the large collection Pencils and 
of pencils and coloured crayons of Faber, with ex- 
amples of the work they will do — wi the hands of a 
skilful artist ! 

Passing around this collection, we find gold leaf 2id1;hreada. 
and bronze colours ; further specimens of gold and 
silver thread fabrics, and brushes of many kinds. Brushes, 
Fine wires of steel and brass, are here met with, 
from two or three contributors. Metallic ornaments Ornaments. 
for books and fancy boxes, together with crucifixes 



134 



A DAT IN THE 



of metal, are displayed bv Erhard ; and beyond 
these, the products of the gold-beater are set forth in 
glittering profusion. 

The German clocks, of which several examplBS 
here present themselves, would probably be judged 
unfairly by their outward show. The manufacture 
of cheap clocks is extensively carried on in Nurem- 
berg. Proceeding forward, we find scales, mortars, 
optical instruments, tellurians, an air-gun, apparatus 
for the cliemist, pharmaceutist and philosopher. Of 
these we may notice especially the relief globes of 
Reimer, for the use of the blind, and the numerous 
philosophical instruments of Luhm6. 

Straw work and basket-ware in great variety ; 
artificial flowers ; numerous specimens of the beauti- 
ful carvings in ivory, and horn, and wood, for which 
the Germans are famous, line the tables before us 
upon our left hand, to the southern extremity of the 
passage. Here we notice a rug of mosaic furs, of 
which we remarked so beautiful, a specimen in the 
Canada courts ; and looking upward, we find dis- 
played many specimens of engraved and coloured 
glass. The latter is from the extensive works of 
Count SoLM, at Baruth, and is remarkable for the 
purity and brilliance of its hues. Many pleasing 
examples are here seen of the transparent porcelain 
shades so familiar to us in smaller specimens. These 
pictures are produced by impressing sheets of fine 
transparent clay with a sharp die. The proper 
effect is obtained by holding them against a strong 
light, either artificial or natural, the thin parts pro- 
ducing the lights, and the thick parts the shadows 
of the picture ; and the whole bearing a striking 
resemblance to mezzotint engravings. 

Pursuing hence the long line which stretches 

Great variety, beneath the glass wall of the building, we encounter 

a multitude of objects, varying in character from 



Gold leaf. 



Clocks. 



Scales, &c. 
Air-gun. 

Relief globes. 

Apparatus. 
Straw work. 



Carvings in 
ivory, &c. 



Mosaic furs. 



Coloured 
glass. 



Porcelain 
shades. 



How made. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 135 

paintings on porcelain to pewter toys. Of the Extremes. 
former, there are some to reward our close inspec- 
tion. We notice here a large collection of copies 
of the pictm*es in the Dresden Gallery, painted on Porcelain 
ovals and oblongs for breast-pins or tablets. Some 
exquisite carvings by Hanke, should not be over- Carvings. 
looked. Flower-pots and vases in terra cotta, afford Terra cotta. 
very good specimens of the application of this mate- 
rial to fine pottery. 

The toys of Germany, and almost exclusively of Toys, 
the Bavarian town of Nuremberg, on the Kanitz, 
constitute a very large portion of the objects in this 
gallery. They appear in every shape, and in a great 
variety of materials. Toys of pewter, toys of iron, 
toys of wood, toys of glass, toys of papier mache, 
abound. Their name is legion, and the whole sec- 
tion seems to be one vast toy shop. For a consider- - 
able space before us, the room not occupied by toys 
is filled with samples of cologne, nearly all bearing Eau de 
the familiar name of Johanx Maria Farina. There 
are seven different contributors of cologne water 
under this talismanic name, and they are distin- 
guished from one another by the street in which 
they live. Thus we have J. Maria Farina, of 
Juleck's Platz ; and J. Maria Farina, of George 
Platz ; and again, J. Maria Farina opposite Juleck's The rival 
Platz, and J. Maria Farina opposite George Platz. ^ ^^°^^ 
Among so many claimants to the honour of being 
''the original John," it would be, perhaps, difl&cult 
to decide which is entitled to it. Passing beyond 
the region of the toys, and the odour of the colognes, 
we reach the leather manufactures of the Zollverein, Leatiiers. 
and dressed calfskins, harness, and boots and shoes, 
present themselves to notice. ^ 

We spoke unadvisedly just now of passing beyond 
the region of toys : for even here, before us, is the ^^ 

° •' ' Thepnnce 

greatest of all the toys in the Crystal Palace— of toys! 



136 



A DAT IN THE 



Gulliver in 
Lilliput. 



Fun for the 
children. 



Silks, &c. 
Books, &c. 



Cheap 
paintings. 



Snuff-boxes. 



Hooks and 
eyes. 

Skull in 
papier macb^, 



Light textiles. 



Hosiery. 



Gulliver among the Lilliputians ! This amusing 
work is made in papier mache, by Fleischmann, 
whose toys at the south end of the gallery we 
omitted to mention as the best of the whole collec- 
tion. The nonchalance of GulUver, as his excited 
captors bind him with their frail cords, or assail him 
with their needle lances, is well represented, and 
the work affords a vast amount of amusement 
to the girls and boys, and to " children of a larger 
growth." 

We shall now retrace our steps to the south end, 
and notice the objects arranged upon the left side 
of the passage. Silks, ribbons and velvets are fol- 
lowed by books, cards, papers, vellum ; ornamented 
papers ; fancy boxes, and illustrated works on art 
and architecture. This rapid generalization — more 
than which is not required — brings us to the end of 
the line, and we pass around into an interior pas- 
sage, to inspect a display of paintings on copper, 
tin, canvass, and other material, manufactured, like 
Peter Pindar's razors, " to sell." They show bright 
colours, and are not without incidental merit. The 
snuff-boxes, which are displayed here and elsewhere, 
form a prominent item in the small manufactures for 
export of the German artisans. They belong to 
Nuremberg, as do these little implements which 
hang beyond them — hooks and eyes. 

That skull, and those odd-shaped bones, are made 
of papier mache, and are designed as models for 
anatomical or physiological study. The principal 
textile fabrics of the German States are exhibited 
in the lower courts, but many of the lighter class, 
and particularly all the wrought or embroidered 
j[abrics, are to be found in the gallery. Among 
these we now find ourselves. A large assortment of 
woollen hosiery is followed by a variety of articles 
made of the pine-needle wool, which we noticed be- 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 137 

low. Beyond these are felt shoes and slippers, which Felt shoes. 

may he, for aught we know, as comfortable as they 

seem awkward. » 

The opposite side of the passage is occupied chiefly 
by embroideries, laces, and furniture stuffs. The Laces, &c. 
line opens with velvet and ribbons in considerable Velvets. 
variety from Crefeld. Some good examples of 
raised work in Berlin wools are found a little in ad- Berlin wool 
vance of these ; and those who are on the qui vive ^'^^ 
for novelties, may observe an embroidered chande- 
lier ! 

' Tbwards the end of the passage, the textile 
fabrics give place to combs and brushes and look- Combs and 

, ■' , brushes. 

mg-glasses and horn spoons. 

There remains yet one passage of this gallery to 
be traversed, and it opens to us with a large display cutiery. 
of scissors, table cutlery, and razors. Muslin cur- curtains. 
tain fabrics drape the walls, to give place presently 
to laces, blonds, gimps, and all descriptions of trim- Trimmings. 
mings by several exhibitors. Parasols of gay colours Parasols, 
in silks, are followed by laces and embroideries from Embroi- 

' "^ denes. 

PoHL of Saxony, and these, by tambour* and other 
embroideries from Stecher of Baden. 

There stands apart from other objects, and not 
far from before us, a group of theodolites. They Theodolites, 
are excellent instruments, made by Breithaupt, of 
Hesse Cassel, and with them we bring oar observa- 
tions on the German Gallery to a close. 

A few steps are sufficient to effect our transition 
from Germany into France in the topography of the Franob. 
Crystal Palace. We pass around the stairs, and we 
stand upon the floor of " la belle France." Just be- 
fore us is a handsome show-case filled with whips whips and 
and canes, richly mounted with gold and silver and ^^^^^' 
ivory and pearl. Another case, filled with a large 
assortment of gloves, reminds us, if indeed we had Gloves. 
forgotten it, that France supplies the whole fashion- 



138 



A DAY IN THE 



[France.] 



Surgical 
instruments. 



Works of art. 



Aubusson 
carpet. 



Its value. 



Perfumes. 

Coffee-pots. 
Masks. 



Strange 
mixture. 



Leather. 



able world with the daintiest specimens of these 
articles, of which we shall find numerous contribu- 
tions in this gallery. 

The surgical instruments of Liier, are, with per- 
haps a single exception, the most numerous in va- 
riety, and the best in the Exhibition. It is difficult 
to imagine to what special use in surgery every one 
of so vast a collection of instruments can be applied. 
Passing behind the cases of Liier, we may inspect 
some very beautiful objects of art— alto relievos, in 
what resembles the finest ivory, and also in silver. 

At this point we have a fine view of a magnificent 
Aubusson carpet, contributed by Sallandrouse, the 
head of the renowned Aubusson manufactory. It is 
of very large dimensions, probably thirty feet square, 
and covered with a single design, somewhat fanci- 
fully styled " The Virgin Forest." The colours are 
very brilliant, and it is unnecessary to say that the 
work is in the highest degree admirable. It may 
surprise some to be told that this carpet is valued at 
$4,500 ! 

Passing in front of the stairs, we turn again 
towards Germany, to take note of the French con- 
tributions in a court upon our left hand. They con- 
sist chiefly 'Of perfumery and fancy articles, — but 
among them we shall find bottles for generating 
carbonated waters, and a new system of coffee-pots. 

A case of masks displays many varieties, and 
some of them highly ornamental, for masquerades. 
As we pass from a hasty inspection of brushes, per- 
fumery, and medicines, we find some elegant fans, 
very elaborately worked shirts, and fine kid gloves. 

The plan we have marked out for our progress 
through this gallery, conducts us now to the passage 
on the south border, and along the line of the win- 
dows. The entire wall-space is occupied by leathers, 
and the preeminence of the French manufacturers, 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 139 

in this line is abundantly illustrated. There is very 
little, of special interest, upon the tables. Shell and 
fancy snuff-boxes, alternate with patent water-proof Snuff-boxes. 
shoes — and these again with needles, and contri- ^^'tent shoes, 
vances to aid in threading them ! Artificial flowers ^«®^^es. 
and leaves stand side by side with sabots — wooden Sabots. 
shoes, used extensively by the peasantry of the 
French provinces. Lest we should weary of mono- 
tony, these are followed by the watch-glasses of Watch 
Bergun & Co., who manufacture the large number 
of 90,000 per diem. The bright-coloured leathers Varnished 
of Deadde, and of Gauthier, attract our notice by 
their contrast with the black leathers which stretch 
along, upon both sides of them. 

A variety of architectural ornaments, made in 
stone-mastic, and designed for interior or exterior stone-mastic 

ornaments. 

decoration, are contributed by Heiligenthal of Stras- 
bourg. They are both handsome and durable, and 
are made by pressing the mastic into moulds, with 
heavy weights, to expel the moisture it contains. 
Yarious descriptions of vessels, made in stone china, stone cMua. 
or porcelain dure, are found here. Returning, upon 
the other side of the passage, we notice an extensive 
and elegant display of decorated porcelain, from 
Hoche & Pepin-Lehalleur of Yierzon. The French 
department presents so many and such brilliant spe- 
cimens of ornamented porcelain, that the vocabulary Porcelain, 
of descriptive words is in danger of being exhausted. 
A vast amount of time, and labour, and taste, and 
artistic skill, is employed in this elegant department 
of decorative art. With the unrivalled productions 
of the Sevres manufactories in the first rank, the 
porcelains of France may well challenge those of all 
other countries to match them. 

Articles of wearing apparel next meet our obser- Wearing 

apparel. 

vation ; and, although the felt hats are of fine qual- 
ity, — the straw bonnets of graceful shapes, — and 



140 



A DAY IN THE 



Wearing 
apparel. 



Pressing on. 
Bisque ware. 



Porcelain 
painting. 



Haviland's 
porcelain. 



French 
hosiery. 



Blonds and 

laces. 



the heavers, for children, tastefully trimmed, — we find 
ourselves pressing hastily on in search of something 
more attractive. Neither the wooden shoes — or 
''galoshes" — which follow, nor the fino patent leather 
boots, and embroidered slippers, will suffice. It is 
scarcely in that extensive collection of embroideries 
on muslin, contributed by Mme. Chancerel of Paris, 
which we now pass around into another passage. 
Silk buttons are serviceable in their place, — and 
gloves we must, at times, at least, regard with 
favour ; but these, in a succession of five or six con- 
tributions, fail to arrest our steps. On, and still on, 
Dy a large display of white china, (we linger a moment 
to inspect the bisque figures connected with it,) and 
arrive at the extremity of the passage, where we 
find some pleasing examples of porcelain painting, 
by Mme. Laurent, on a concave panel, two vases, 
and a set of plates. Re-ascending the passage, we 
pass another collection of decorated china — and im- 
mediately beyond it, reach that of Haviland of 
Limoges — which is, unquestionably, the finest in the 
gallery. Its splendid vases, with elaborate and 
effective paintings, and its magnificent dinner-service 
of white and shaded crimson — conspicuous among 
many objects which might well be called elegant — 
compel us to pay this collection the tribute of a 
pause. 

The French haberdashers and hosierers are famous, 
the world over, for their fabrics, and they do them- 
selves credit in our Exhibition in numerous instances. 
We notice, in one case, theatrical " bonnetrice,^^ and 
"hosiery for disguise." At the extremity of the 
line, we find a rich display of blond, scarfs, mantil- 
las, and rich laces ; and, passing around the case, we 
observe that it is followed by still other specimens, 
in the same department. A brief advance brings us 
to a display of window UDholstery, by Griuntgens. 



NEW YORK CRTSTAL PALACE. 141 

of Paris, a beautiful variety of cornices, ornaments, crphoistery. 

tassels, &c., with all manner of silk and chenille 

trimmings. The furniture embroideries of Barbat, 

are rich and well displayed. Something novel may 

be noticed here — it is an ornamental stool, which 

serves also as a parlour dog-kennel ! In the interior a novel dog 

of it is a stuffed terrier, of the tiny variety. 

We pass, again, the porcelain of Haviland ; and 
that of Pettevuyt, stretching laterally before us. Porcelain. 
Going up the passage, we notice a variety of accor- 
deons ; and, beyond them, the balance pendule^ of 
Beranger of Paris. This is a novel style of counter Novel scales. 
scales, combining convenience and accuracy. 

Some showy examples of metallic embossino; and Embossing in 

, metal. 

chasing, next attract our notice ; and beyond these, 
brilliant designs for shawls, by Hartweck, and a col- Shawi and 
lection of designs for manufacturers of dress goods, patterns, 
by QuERU. These are interesting examples of the 
skill, and tasf e, and expense, required to get up an 
original pattern for a woven shawl, or a printed 
cashmere dress. 

A showy stand is now before us, containing gilt 
crucifixes, candlesticks, &c., for Catholic churches, Cmcifixes 
with a large variety of ornamental bronze clocks, furniture, 
vases, and figures. Before passing around this stand, 
we must not omit to notice a silvered bronze ewer, 
after the design of Benvenuto Cellini. The bronzes Bronzes, 
of Weygand, are upon the opposite side of those of 
ViLLEMSENS, just uoticcd. They are beautiful ex- 
amples of castings, from artistic designs. We notice 
here, a bold and effective bronze relief, by Etex, Fine work 

in relief. 

representing the Shipwreck of Medusa. A case of 
imitation pearls, affords an illustration of the nice imitation 
and delicate manipulations of Prench artisans. These 
ornaments are made, by projecting into the interior 
of very thin spheres of opalescent glass, a solution 
of fish scales, in ammoniated water — which, when 



142 



A DAY IN THE 



Teaching the 
blind. 



Jewellery. 



Value of iron. 



Philosophical 
apparatus. 



Optics. 
Physics. 

Surgery. 



White 
metal. 



Glassware of 
Clichy. 



dry, coats the inner surface with a pearly lustre. 

An ingenious pantograph, by Davard, is followed 
by the embossed printing, music, and maps, for the 
use of the blind, upon the system of Laas d' Aguen ; 
and these, by a choice collection of jewellery, manu- 
factured by R.UDOLPHI of Paris, among which are 
beautiful imitations of grape clusters. A large col- 
lection of main-springs, for watches and musical 
boxes, illustrates the high degree of value which 
labour imparts to iron. 

The beautiful philosophical apparatus of France, 
is now exemplified by several exhibitors. No coun- 
try in the world surpasses France in appliances for 
the illustration of the Physical Sciences, and the 
optical instruments of Le Brun, Nachet, Miband, 
and Vedv, are all notable for their superior work- 
manship. . A case of philosophical apparatus, by 
DuBOscQ-SoLEiL, will attract and reward the atten- 
tion of the scientific visitor, by the variety and 
beauty alike of its contents. 

A splendid display of surgical instruments is here 
made, by Charriere of Paris. Every conceivable 
variety of instrument and appliance, from a lancet 
to a complete set of artificial limbs, would seem to 
be gathered into this remarkable collection. 

The white (inoxidable) metal boxes of Chapiseau, 
closely resemble silver, at a very small part of the 
cost of the latter metal. 

We turn now, to inspect the numerous and very 
beautiful specimens of manufactures from the glass 
works of Maes, at Clichy. The assortment embraces 
every known variety of glass-ware, and the examples 
of decorated glass are particularly attractive. Here 
are vases, resembling the finest painted porcelain, 
paper-weights of crystal, with medallion ornaments, 
portraits, and bas-reliefs in silver ; door-knobs, and 
finger plates, and daguerreotype glasses, are em. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 143 

braced in this large collection. Bronzes, silver-ware, Bronzes, 
boxes, and cellarets of rosewood, fill up the rest of Ceiiarets. 
the table, and passing around it, we find, upon the 
opposite side, a large variety of necessaries, and fur- 
nished cellarets, of ornamental woods. The space 
upon our left hand, after passing a bronze bust of Bronzes. 
Xapoleon III. and a fine candelabra in bronze, as 
we proceed eastward, is occupied chiefly by the 
busts of CoRDiER, remarkable for the oddity of 
their subjects. We encounter Chinese, Africans, 
and Asiatics, with their characteristic physiogno- dd busts, 
mies very strongly marked, in the bronzed and 
gilded metal of which they are composed. A very 
lars^e and massive vase of silver, in a case by itself, Massive vase 

° J J > of silver. 

and a large display of silver-plate, in a case to the 
left of it, are the contributions of Odiot of Paris ; 
and iust to the westward, we find the showy electro- Eiectro- 

^ plated ware. 

plated ware of Christofle. Large vases and baskets, 
full of beautiful artificial flowers, bespeak their Paris- 
ian origin, and take the fancy of the multitude. 

Passing a specimen of the banana plant, we com- Banana, 
plete our observations on the French department, 
and emerge from the building, upon the west bal- West balcony, 
cony, commanding, when the weather is fine, a most 
charming view of the noble Hudson, and its line of 
palisade rocks. 



144 



A DAT IN THE 



GALLERIES D AND A. 



SWITZEKLAND, AUSTEIA, ITALY, AND THE UNITED STATES. 



Union of two 
galleries. 



Switzerland 



Nature of 
objects. 



"Watches. 



Bijouterie. 
Singing bird. 



"Watch 

making 

cantons. 



OeneTa. 



We have united the Galleries, over Divisions D 
and A, in this chapter, because there is no natural 
division between them ; the United States occupying 
a part of the former, and all of the latter. The 
gallery, strictly over Division D, begins precisely 
"where our review of the French contributions ends ; 
the transition, therefore, is an easy one — from France 
into Switzerland. 

The industry of Switzerland is chiefly exhibited 
to us in its ornamental features, such as, fine watches, 
mathematical instruments, embroidered muslins, silk 
and straw fabrics, and carved wood. 

The first objects which present themselves to us, 
as we re-enter the building, and repass the silver- 
ware of Odiot, is a small case of exquisite watches 
and jewellery, from Capt of Geneva. A porte-mon- 
naie, or pocket-book, containing a small watch, with 
half-a-dozen separate dials, and a beautiful casket, 
disclosing a tiny bird, "which, at the touch of a spring, 
ruffles its plumage, and sings " like a nightingale," 
are the specialities of this case. We shall see, here- 
after, many specimens of Swiss watches and fine 
jewellery, and we may take this occasion to remark 
that, of the twenty-two Swiss cantons, only four 
or five of them manufacture watches. Geneva, 
Neuchatel, Yaud, and the Bernese Jura, monopo- 
lize this branch of industrial art, and Geneva is, of 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 145 

all these, the most famed for its productions in this 

line. It is estimated that the number of watches Extent of 

maDoiactare. 

made annually in these cantons, is not less than 
1,200,000, more than half of the whole number man- 
ufactured annually in the known world. 

We notice next another famous branch of Swiss Swiss 
manufactures, in embroidered robes and muslins ™"^ °^* 
from St. Gall, Switzerland produces more of these 
excellent cotton fabrics than any other country ; and 
they are largely represented in the Exhibition. 

We turn now to the watches of Breitling and Watches, 
the fine jewellery of Ddtertre, which introduce us 
to a succession of similar objects ; and among them 
several examples of the Swiss mathematical instru- Mathematics, 
ments, which, although highly finished, are yet sold 
at a lower price than any others in the world. 
Passing now through an open doorway, we enter an 
open court, hung around, in part, with the printed Printed 
cotton fabrics of the Swiss cantons St. Gall and '^° °° ^^^ ^* 
Zurich. They display great brilliance of colour and 
beauty of pattern. Here also* we notice the beauti- 
ful Swiss muslin curtains, embroidered with histori- Lace curtains, 
cal and fancy subjects. Upon one of them, in the 
south-west corner, we observe the tomb of Wash- 
ington. 

The centre of this court is occupied by the harp- 
sichord piano-fortes of HiiNi & Hubert of Zurich ; Pianofortes, 
while beyond them, on the side tables, are leathers. Leathers, 
fine terra cotta ware, and geometrical models. Terracotta. 
Switzerland is famous for its object-glasses for tele- Object 
scopes, of which we find here some superior speci- 
mens. 

We turn aside for a moment from Swiss industry, 
to direct the visitor's attention — while in this court 
— to the engraved glass in the north-west window Engraved 
of the building, as a very beautiful example of a windows, 
new and ornamental process, introduced by Cooper 
7 



146 A DAY IN THE 

and Belcher of New Jersey. A mu£F and tippet 

Greb skin of the beautiful skin of the greb — a rare water-fowl 
-^will attract the notice of the ladies ; and just 

Eaw silks. bcjond It, we find specimens of raw and manufac- 
tured silks. A case of the former, exhibited by 
FoGLiARDi, and obtained by a new process, is of 
unrivalled strength, fineness and beauty. The fine 

Lace goods, lace fabrics and embroideries of Staheli Wild, ter- 
minate the Swiss department on the line we are 
pursuing ; and in order to preserve unity in our 
observations, we turn here to the opposite tables, 
and find further examples of silks and muslins. 
Turning a corner, into another passage, we admire 

More lace and the lacc fabrics and fine Swiss muslins of Gerstle ; 

muslins. ■, i> , ■ -, t ^ 

at the end oi which display, we turn to those of 
BouRRY & d'Ivernois, ou the opposite wall, and 
notice especially a rich curtain embroidered with 
a scene from the story of Paul and Yirginia. 
Wood Beneath these are wood-carvings of exquisite beauty 

carvings. . ' . 

and great variety. Tables in carved and in painted 
wood ; boxes, baskets, knives, spoons, groups of 
animals and Swiss cottages, attest the ingenuity and 
taste of the industrious artisans who produce them. 
The Swiss carvings are said to be wrought princi- 
pally, during the summer, in the Bernese Alps, and 
brought in the winter to the lower cantons to be 
sold. 

Muslins. Turning the corner once more, we still face the 

fine lace fabrics and muslins of St. Gall, and notice 

Canvass. diflerent styles of embroidery canvass. The piece 
muslins of Reuter, with needle-work points, are 
beautiful fabrics. Opposite to these we find great 

straw goods, varieties of the straw braids and straw laces, pure 

and mixed with hair, in the manufacture of which 

Extent of forty thousaud persons are constantly employed, 
manuHictare. •' ^ j f j } 

chiefly in the cantons of Argovie and Lucerne. 
The collection of Isler & Otto in the first-named 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 147 

canton, and tliat of Hurter & Co. in the latter, Swiss goods. 
are good examples of the variety and beauty of 
these fabrics, now so extensively used in the manu- ^ 

facture of fine bonnets and hats. 

Beautiful watches, chronometers, and mathemati- Watches and 
cal instruments extend from the end of this passage 
to the very point at which we commenced our 
review of Switzerland. In the magnificent display 
of watches by Phillippe, Patek & Co., of Geneva, 
is the smallest of all small watches. It will escape Lmiputian 

"w a tell 

notice unless we look closely ; for the outside 
diameter of its case does not exceed one-third of 
an inch ! 

Here we terminate our interesting tour in Switzer- End of 
land, regretting that time is wanting to allow of 
more minute observation of its numerous beautiful 
works. 

Besides the various courts occupied by Austria in austbia. 
Division D, upon the floor of the Palace, there is 
considerable space appropriated to that country in 
this gallery ; and we find her manufactures separated 
from those of Switzerland by only an imaginary 
line. 

Continuing our advance, we find Austrian leathers, Leathers and 

furs. 

furs, horse-hair cloths, and wood-tresses. The latter 
are braids of fine shreds of white wood, closely Wood-tresses. 
resembling straw, except in colour, and similarly 
used for hats. Hitherto we have kept each country 
to itself in our observations ; but now we are com- 
pelled (unless we overleap the broad tables upon 
our left hand) to take Austria and Italy alternately, 
for they occupy the same tables with no cross pas- 
sage between them. An unfortunate juxtaposition Compulsory 
truly ! but one which we cannot avoid. Forward 
then a step, and Italy reveals to us various mosaics Italy. 
in wood ; crucifixes and other ivory carvings ; a carvingB. 
carved bracket and carved flowers, in wood ; table 



148 



A DAY IN THE 



Japanned 
table tops,. 

Embossed 
■work of art. 

Crucifix. 



Austrian 
textile fabrics. 



Kaw silk. 



Italian 
sculptures. 



Austrian 
merinoes. 



Hungarian 
dresses. 



Mosaic table 
cloths. 

Straw hats. 
Oil prints. 



Musical 
instruments. 



Phonikon. 



tops, painted a la Chinois ; marble busts and 
bronzes. Continuing around the table, we find a 
singular work in metal, representing the Descent 
from the Cross, in alto-relievo, with designs in bas- 
relief around the border. An ivory crucifix and 
*' the Pope's prayer book" — but why so called, we 
cannot imagine — are also found here. 

The scene changes again to Austria, and shawls, 
vestings, horse-rugs, bareges, muslin de laines, and 
a large assortment of linens, occupy the tables. The 
opposite side to which we now turn, displays a beau- 
tiful and extensive variety of shawls, silks, and silk 
and woollen fabrics. We must not overlook the fine 
specimens of raw silk for which Austria has a de- 
servedly high reputation. 

Italy, in her turn, shows us a few unimportant 
objects until we turn into another passage, and find 
her tablets of marble richly sculptured with flowers 
in alto-relievo, and a marble bas-relief of the Vir- 
gin. Once more into Austria, to glance at her 
bright coloured merinoes and satin-muslins, which 
overhang a curious collection of characteristic dresses 
of Hungary. Here is the sheep-skin bunda of formi- 
dable weight, and gay with multitudinous braids. 
Then comes the szur, the Hungarian national dress, 
and this is followed by Hungarian shooting jackets, 
and some other garments. Two mosaic table-covers 
of fine cloth are quite unique objects, and Venice 
straw hats complete the line. 

We turn to examine the oil prints of Hartingen, 
specimens of great beauty, and having all the effect 
of fine paintings. 

Musical instruments in variety here represent the 
excellence of this department of Austrian manufac- 
tures. The brass instruments are particularly nu- 
merous, and include a new horn, called the Phoni- 
kon, and a new guitar. An immense display of 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 149 

meerschaum pipes, and pipe heads, leaves us no room Austrian 
to doubt that our Austrian cousins are devoted to 
the weed. Some curious mechanical toys, and a Curious toys, 
variety of spun and woven glass ornaments may be spun glass, 
remarked here. 

The next section of Italy affords us many objects, 
but few of them are important. We notice some 
beautiful straw braids and fine bonnets from Flor- Italian straw 

T . 1 . n work. 

ence, and a smgular picture cut out of paper, repre- paper 
senting King Yictor Emanuel taking the oath to p^^'*'^^- 
the Constitution. 

Now, we notice Austrian photographs on paper ; Austrian 
combs and buttons, artificial flowers, leaves and 
sprigs, and more examples of the beautiful oil prints on prints. 
of Hartingen. Opposite to these brilliant mineral 
colours, geometrical fisrures in wood and crystal, and Geometrical 

^ ° ./ J figures. 

chemical apparatus of glass, occupy the tables. 

Passing into Italy for the last time, we notice 
raw silk, various chemical productions, and a large Italian silk, 
display of fine Genoa pastes, or vermicelli, the bread Genoa pastes. 
of Italy. 

In a little while hence, we shall see a case of 
superb velvets which belong to Italy, but have stray velvets, 
strayed into the United States section. We men- 
tion them here to preserve unity, and with them our 
Italian and Austrian observations come to an end. 

The rest of the gallery space is occupied by home Unite© 
contributors, . though we shall occasionally find in- ' - 

stances in which the goods displayed belong prop- 
erly to foreign countries, such as silks and velvet, 
and furs, made up only by our manufacturers and 
dealers. 

We enter first a court in which a New York 
dealer exhibits Chinese and other eastern articles, 
most of them the characteristic products of Chinese Chinese 

productions* 

industry. Here are crape shawls, carved ivory 
boxes, fabrics of the pine-apple fibre, and quaint 



150 



A DAY IN THE 



Mosaic chess 
board. 



Ivory 6tatne 
of Christ. 



Az toe art 



Mantillas. 



Chain of 
quilts. 



Leather 
brackets. 



Leather by a 
new process. 



Manufactures 
of leather. 



Harness. 



old porcelain vases. A chess-board wonderfully in- 
laid with millions of minute particles of ivory and 
wood may be found here. Most attractive of all the 
objects, however, is a beautiful ivory statue of Christ, 
carved by a Genoese monk, who, the story goes, ex- 
ecuted the work from inspiration, not being before 
a sculptor. 

A small collection of Mexican curiosities is ex- 
hibited in this section. They consist chiefly of clay 
images — relics, unquestionably of the Aztecs, and 
singular illustrations of the plastic arts of that long 
buried race. 

The passages which we are now to follow, traverse 
the north gallery longitudinally. Taking the one 
upon the left, or west side, and passing a case of 
rich mantillas, designed and manufactured by Bul- 
piN, we find ourselves between leather on the one 
hand, and all descriptions of quilts, counterpanes, 
and table-covers upon the other. Looking up, we 
discover carpets and quilts depending from the gir- 
ders. A quilt, containing 10,000 pieces of silk, 
or 25,000 pieces of velvet, may be a great work 
to the fabricant, but it must not detain us in our 
progress through the Palace. We notice, as we 
pass on, a novel application of leather to the pro- 
duction of ornamental brackets and picture-frames. 
These are made of pressed leather, which, when / 
varnished, has a very handsome appearance. 

Specimens of leather, tanned without bark, are 
exhibited by the patentee of the process. The ex- 
tremity of the line presents to our notice the manu- 
factures of leather, in" various beautiful examples. 
Military equestrian equipments, from St. Louis, and 
three or four extensive displays of harness, afford 
convincing proof that our artisans are not to be 
excelled in these fabrics. In a corner of this section 
are some stray collections of daguerreotypes, and 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 151 

Holographs — as one exhibitor terms pictures taken Soiographa. 
upon paper instead of metal plates. 

Passing an extensive display of fine harness, made More harneBs. 
by McFarland, and a case of superior enamelled 
leathers by Chadwick — both of Newark — we come 
into the midst of hair work. Wigs, toupees, and Wigs and 
textambs, stare us in the face ^ and, if we happen ^^^^ 
to be bald, seem to twit us with our misfortune ! 

The surgical department of the Exhibition is ex- Surgery, 
tensive ; but few, we apprehend, will regard it as 
being attractive. The appliances of this art are too 
immediately suggestive of physical horror, to be 
made fascinating, however tricked out in silk and 
tinsel. We pity, from our hearts, the poor creatures objects of 
— though they be only wax figures — who stand up ^^'^* 
in glass cases, bandaged in every possible way, and 
for every conceivable distortion and fracture — except 
a broken neck/ We cannot help confessing that the 
artificial legs of Palmer and Drake are very neat Artificial 
ones— that the artificial eyes of Gray look very well ' 
— that the artificial jaw of Chapman seems to oper- 
ate very like a real one — but we instinctively shrink 
from all these things. Even the artificial teeth, 
which we see upon every hand, seem to have a 
grating sound to our imagination. 

The wall space, through all this gallery, is hung 
with multitudinous specimens of worsted work and 
other embroideries. There are many scores of these, Embroidery, 
and among them occasional works of real excellence. 
A picture, entitled " Raphael sketching in the Vati- 
can," is one example in point. We may notice a 
case of silk fabrics — ribbons, &c., — from Boston, siik fabrics. 
These are yet rare products of American industry. 
We find, beyond these, displays of costly silks and 
mantillas, made up of foreign materials, and there- 
fore of little interest as exponents of our national 
industry. 



152 



A DAY IX THE 



Ayictim. 



Honiton lace. 

Oil cloths. 
More quilts. 

Silver-ware. 

Gold foil. 
Bronzes. 



Gold work. 
Lunettes. 

Hair work. 
Gold pens. 



Tea service 
of gold. 



Cast a glance of compassion at that poor victim 
of surgical art, who is "bound hand and foot" in 
Phelps' case. 

The next passage we traverse conducts us north- 
ward ; and we pass, on our left hand, beautiful spe- 
cimens of home-made Honiton point lace ; a branch 
of manufactures successfully undertaken in this city 
by Roberts & Co. Then come coach laces, oil- 
cloths for tables, embroideries in Berlin wools, 
more quilts, and still more surgical instruments, 
until we reach the end of the line, where cases of 
silver-ware and jewellery bar our further progress 
northward. 

The opposite side of the passage wo have just 
traversed, presents to our notice, as we return, 
numerous contributions of gold leaf and gold foil, 
principally designed for the dentist's use. Here we 
find some fine specimens of bronze castings ; a 
department of manufactures in which we have as 
yet made no great progress upon this side of the 
Atlantic. These are exhibited by Gilbert. Gold 
pens, gold leaf, • and gold lockets, are followed by 
very excellent lunette watch crystals ; and these by 
several examples of ornamental jewellery, and of 
work in hair and gold, displaying much good taste 
and artistic skill. The gold pen manufactures of 
this country are almost incredibly extensive, and 
have several exponents in the Exhibition. Bagley's 
pens, which are highly esteemed, are here displayed, 
and just beyond them a showy service of solid Cali- 
fornia gold. It is a tea service, and consists of twenty- 
nine pieces, arranged upon a chaste and beautiful 
plateau of silver. Tliis work is the contribution of 
Ball, Black & Co. It is valued at $15,000 — a very 
large sum to be invested in gold cups and saucers ; 
which, although exhibiting a neat design — an em- 
bossed vine wreath — are all exact duplicates of each 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE, 153 

other. The great defect of many of the costly Lack of art 
works of the gold and silver-smiths represented in sSver ware, 
the Exhibition, is an almost total lack of artistic 
beauty. Vessels of gold and silver, as well as of 
porcelain, should exhibit variety and purity of 
design, or their very richness of material becomes 
distasteful. 

We pass on to inspect the plate of Tiffany & Co. ornament 
It embraces two extensive chests of silver ; the 
" Collins service" of fine gold ; a chaste silver toilet 
set ; and in the farther corner, a variety of magnifi- 
cent ornaments in diamonds and in pearls. 

Marchand & Co. make a brilliant display, just 
beyond, of superb ornaments, chiefly of diamonds. Diamonds. 
The beauty and variety of American jewellery at the American 
Exhibition, justly excite the admiration of all. It ""^^^ ^^^' 
is one of many proofs to be found within the Crystal 
Palace, that it is not in the utilitarian arts alone # 

that we are beginning to rival the productions of 
the Old World. 

Upon the staircase descending from this point, 
we may observe an elegant Aubusson carpet ; and, Aubusson 
finally, m this section, our notice is attracted to a 
magnificent display of manufactured and unmanu- 
factured furs, exhibited by Lasak. A huge polar Fine furs, 
bear plays sentinel in the midst of this collection. Polar bear. 

We turn now, and retrace our steps till we reach 
a small case near the edge of the gallery, in which 
are displayed various curiosities of art a/id labour. Curiosities, 
among which is a veiled Cupid in miniature, wrought Yeiied Cupid. 
in fine marble, the veil closely resembling natural 
lace. Numerous antique rings, with historical li7ihs Quaint rings. 
to the remote past, are also embraced in the collec- 
tion ; and the case is surmounted by a model of the Cathedral of 
famous Gothic cathedral at Rheims. These objects 
belong to Mr. Moon, of the Studio Curioso. 

A set of chess figures in solid gold and silver are 
7* 



154 



A DAY IN THE 



Silver-ware 
from Boston. 



Webster vase. 



Harvey plate. 



Philadelphia 
silver-ware. 



Umbrellas. 

Fishing 
tackle. 



Fancy work. 



Confections, 
toys and 
taxidermy. 



Boding Owls. 



found here, as neat examples of the goldsmith's art. 
Silver and silver-plated ware, from various manufac- 
turers, occupy the whole extent of the passage, ter- 
minating with the case of Jones, Ball & Co. of 
Boston, whose works are remarkable for their chaste 
style, and for their substantial workmanship. They 
include the vase presented to Daniel Webster by the 
citizens of Boston, and the plate which Mr. Web- 
ster ordered to be prepared for Peter Harvey, 
inscribed with the very words of the direction itself. 
Bailey & Co., of Philadelphia, represent most credit- 
ably the silversmith's art in that city of acknow- 
ledged taste. Their ornamental shell castor is a 
novel and pleasing device. 

A line of tables, stretching off to the north, now 
invite our notice, and we turn to them to observe 
the handsome umbrellas of Smith ; fishing-tackle, in 
great variety, are displayed along the wall, almost 
every description of fancy handiwork, in wax, hair, 
shell, worsteds, pearls, and glass. Of these, a very 
large number are the work of a single contributor — 
Mrs. Reed. 

Passing around the end of this line, we arrive in 
the midst of a gay and sparkling court, where the 
taxidermist, the confectioner, and the toy-maker, 
have vied with each other, to make the most impos- 
ing display. Going down the narrow passage which 
first opens to us, we find, on the right hand, bird- 
cages, confections, toys, and shell-work, and upon 
the other, Bell's beautiful specimens of preserved 
birds and animals. On the right hand again, fans, 
and feathers, and flowers ; and upon the other, 
stuffed animals, by Hurst, and a collection of many 
varieties of owls, by Bode ; the latter, recalling irre- 
sistibly to memory, the question of the poet — 



" What hodes the owVs shrill note 
That frights me from my sleep 1" 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 155 

Mme, CivATTE exhibits some beautiful artificial 
flowers, and a very curious rose docJc^ with odd a rose clock, 
devices. 

There lies on the table, near by, a rude sketch, in rirstsketchof 

' •" 'the London 

pencil, wnich, upon examination, appears to be Sir Crystal 
Joseph Paxtou's first shadowing forth of his great 
work — The London Crystal Palace. It is a singular 
illustration of the old_proverb — 

"Great ends from small beginnings rise !" 

A piece of the old ship "Mayflower," closely Piece of the 
resembling a wasp's deserted nest, carries us back *^ ^'^^^' 
to Plymouth Rock in 1 620. 

Some of the ''Eyeless fish," from the Mammoth Eyeless fish 
Cave of Kentucky, are exhibited near by, and seem Mammoth 
to teach us that the Creator makes nothing in vain, ^*^®" 
and where eyes would be of no use, withholds the 
organ of vision. 

The odour of Bazin's perfumery steals upon us Penumery, 

, V , • J I • 1 X ii hair-dves and 

as we pass up the court, amid hair-dyes, tooth-pow- knick-knacks, 
ders, and knick-knacks of various kinds, with fur- 
ther glimpses of the taxidermist's handiwork, upon 
our left. As we turn another point in our pro- 
gress, we find ourselves (if not tempted to the bal- 
cony) in front of a curious piece of work, to wit : 
a model, or representation of Greenwich street, in a street in 
New York, made in confectioner's paste ! The " 
scavenger's cart is certainly a queer subject to be 
done in sugar ! Birds and butterflies also, of gay sugar bird*, 
plumage, are sweet examples of the confectioner's 
skill. 

Passing directly along the passage, southward, we 
may notice the beautiful mosaic panels of Yolkert, Mosaic panels. 
and if our mouths water for the cakes and confec- 
tions below them and around us, let us pass reso- 
lutely on, on — by the chocolate-tree with very bright ^^^^^^ 
fruit, by the gay little party of dolls, all dressed in 



156 



A DAY IN THE 



Ivory -work. 



Baby- 
jumpers. 

Mother-of- 
pearl goods. 

Ivory combs. 



Turned ivory. 



Class XX. 



Wearing 
apparel. 



Show-cases. 



Grief for the 
street. 



Choice 
clothing. 

Washington 
monument. 



Tribute to 
Washington. 



their best, and by a vai'iety of objects, in ivory and 
bucks-horn, displayed by Kohde ; on still, by Tut- 
tle's case of " baby-jumpers," and then, along the 
line of objects, stretching to the centre of the Palace. 
Here are beautiful objects, made of mother-of-pearl, 
in Philadelphia, by IIart & Co. ; the fine ivory 
combs of Fexx, (upon the right hand,) with a ftmci- 
ful display of Lilliputian combs, and the various 
beautiful articles of turned ivory by Shardlow. All 
these, and a dozen other truly tasteful and elegant 
displays of miscellaneous articles, attest the skill of 
our metropohtan artisans. A very large number of 
exhibitors represent Class xx. of the Official Cata- 
logue, which, under the comprehensive title of 
" wearing apparel," covers half the gallery we are 
now in. Boots and shoes, radiant with varnish, and 
slippers, gay with crimson-blue and gold embroideries 
on cloth, satin, and morocco, are everywhere dis- 
played. The elegance of the show-cases in this sec- 
tion, has much to do with the general effect. Here, 
a pyramid of boots and shoes, shoots up to an apex 
crowned with an eagle, and close by it, a bloom- 
ing widow clad in weeds revolves in a crystal case, 
to display the beautiful mourning she wears ! We 
find, at the end of this hue, and a few steps beyond 
the excellent ready-made clothing of Munroe & 
Co., a model of the great national monumgit 
to Washington, now being erected at the Cap- 
itol. It is placed here by the consent of the As- 
sociation, and at each corner of it, is a crystal 
box, into which visitors may put their contribu- 
tions, be they ever so small, to aid in building 
this monument, more to our own national honour, 
than to the honour of the already immortal Wash- 
ington. - 

After paying our tribute, we continue our exami- 
Ttiition of the goods displayed in the north gallery. 



NEW YOllK CRYSTAL PALACE. 157 

entering a passage, just beyond the show-case and show and 

shoe-case of Frothingham & Co., which conducts 

us between hats and bonnets, from a number of Hats and 

bonnets. 

manufacturers, all of them aiming to display the 
newest modes in the most attractive manner. Mili- 
tary hats, children's hats, and gay bonnets, present 
a long succession to the eye. Beyond these, we find 
ourselves in the reo;ion of perfumerv and soap, of The region 

, " of soap. 

which commodities there is certainly no lack in the 
Palace. Soap rises in pyramids and columns, like 
monuments in a cemetery. The most unique exhi- 
bition of it, however, is made, by Taylor & Co. of ^ 
Philadelphia, in the form of a soap window, bearing soap window, 
a deceptive resemblance to stained glass. 

The next passage discloses to our notice, upon the 
right hand side, an extensive variety of hats from Hats. 
Leary, and Knox, and other makers of New York, 
and from Oakford of Philadelphia, and alternat- 
ing with these, boots and shoes in too great a va- Boots and 
riety to be particularized. The same description of ^^^^^' 
articles present themselves to us as we return on the 
other side of the passage. 

A collection of articles made by the children con- Articles 
nected with the Pennsylvania Institution for the blind 
Blind is found upon this line, followed by some ex- 
cellent specimens of shell and horn combs, by two Sheii combs, 
or three makers. An index to a most important 
and extensive branch of industry is offered us in a 
case of shoe-pegs^insignificant articles in them- shoe-pegs. 
selves, but becoming of importance by the extent 
of their manufacture and use. 

We pass now into an open court at the extremity 
of the G-allery, occupied by the few fflass and earth- ^^ass and 

° -^ ' ^ "^ ^ earthenware. 

enware manufactures represented in the United 
States department of the Exhibition. The centre 
of the court contains a beautiful display of what is 
called "patent flint enamelled ware," made by the Flint-ware. 



158 



A DAY IN THE 



Haueliwout 
and Dailey's 
decorated 
porcelain. 



Pottery. United States Pottery Co. in Yermont. It is a 
species of ware particularly well adapted to domes- 
tic uses, on account of its great strength. The 
wares exhibited are vases, basins, pitchers, and in- 
deed almost all descriptions of household utensils. 
Upon the left we find the beautiful porcelain of 
Haughwout, Dailey & Co. of New York. This is 
exhibited as affording examples of gilding and paint- 
ing executed at home, and not as American ware, 
that being imported from France in the plain state. 
This house is, we believe, the only one in the coun- 
try which has entered largely into the decoration of 
china. They employ a hundred persons in this 
beautiful art, and their examples are remarkably 
beautiful both in design and exilcution. 

Watch-glasses of every variety are displayed by 
Berger & Walter, and a collection of painted china 
and door-knobs by Cartledge. 

The cut glass of the Brooklyn Glass Company 
presents an exquisite appearance, both from the 
purity of the material employed and the chaste ele- 
gance of the style of cutting. The droptric lenses 
exhibited by this Company are remarkably excellent. 
We turn now to inspect the extensive variety of 
glass-ware displayed by the New England Glass 
Company, the largest glass manufacturing establish- 
ment in the United States. It embraces pressed, 
fine cut, engraved, and fancy ware. Among the 
latter, are globes and vases, which have the appear- 
ance of solid and brilliant silver. ' This beautiful 
effect is produced by diffusing between two surfaces 
of glass a solution of silver, which adheres to the 
glass and retains the fresh colour of the metal. By 
using coloured mediums, brilliant hues are imparted 
to the glass, and they have all the effect of genuinely 
coloured glass. 

Glass-ware. Specimens of excellent glass-ware, with some ex- 



Watch-glasses. 
China knobs. 



Brooklyn cut 

!llah.«. 



Droptric 
lenses. 



New Enpland 

Company's 

glass-ware. 



Silvering 
glass. 



J 

1 

NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 159 , 

amples of decorated porcelain, are exhibited by Porcelain. 
Stouvenel & Co. We notice, as we proceed along , 

the only remaining passage in this gallery, a novel i 

style of putting up " extracts" for perfuming hand- j 

kerchiefs. Yery small and thin glass cylinders, hold- j 

ing only a drop or two, are filled with the essence, perfSJ^es. I 

and when it is required for use, the bottle is crushed j 

by the fingers in the handkerchief. The original 
aroma of the essence is thus obtained. We observe | 

here a jointed mosquito frame of wire, which is an Mosquito '. 

admirable contrivance. One large enough to pro- 
tect a bed may be folded into a small compass. 

Small manufactures appear in abundance as we smaii wares, 
prov^eed along the passage. Sand-papers, buttons, ' 

W'/OQ en-boxes, and wash-boards alternate with each 
other, and with clothing apparel, the latter so abun- Clothing. | 

dantly displayed, that we may reasonably consider \ 

the gallery a grand furnishing magazine ! Rohes de ' 

chambre, shirts,- hosiery, silk dresses, and mantillas, 
now follow each other. Far above them, we may 
notice window-shades in every variety of pattern. shades.^' \ 

The horological cradle, to be found here, will not Seif-rocking ' 
fail to attract the attention of all who know the "^ 
difficulty of getting the baby to sleep, and the ] 

patient devotion to the rocker which it demands, ] 

This ingenious machine rocks itself, and ticks a ' 

soothing ''lullaby" to the little "incumbent." Luiiaby. ' 

Now we pass cedar-ware, of all descriptions ; and Cedar-ware, 
the little folks will certainly stop to adinire the i 

miniature carriage and horse displayed by Rock- ' 

WELL. If they should express a desire to have one ; 

of his handsome rocking-horses, we should not blame Rocking 

° horses. i 

them. j 

We now arrive at that portion of the gallery ] 

devoted to the Agricultural Department — one of Agbicul- i 

the largest, and, estimated by its relations to our Depakt- i 

daily wants, one of the most important, in the Exhi- ^ ' - ■ 



160 



A DAY IN THE 



Class ix. 



Numerous 
exhibitors. 



Pwuggles & 
Co.' a farm 
and dairy 
implements. 



An old 
plough. 



A vacuum 
pump. 



Allen & Ck).'! 
implements. 



Mammoth 
reaping -uid 
mowing 
machines. 



bition. Class ix. of the Official Catalogue numbers 
over a hundred exhibitors, and their contributions 
extend over a large amount of space. We cannot 
examine them in detail, nor would they indeed 
possess sufficient interest to the general visitor to 
warrant us in so doing. 

We must do their earnest, ingenious, and diligent 
inventors and makers the justice to give them a 
general review. We commence, then, at the nume- 
rous implements exhibited by Ruggles & Co. of 
Boston, and find ourselves surrounded on one side 
by ploughs, and on the other by dairy and household 
contrivances. A churn, or a sausage-stufifer, or an 
apple-parer, may seem a small affair to the multitude, 
but ask the housewife if they are not important 
appliances ! Among the ploughs, with glittering 
shares and polished handles, we note one in strange 
contrast — a venerable antique, dating back to 1742, 
and said to have belonged to Roger Sherman. How 
eloquent it is, with its rusty blade and worm-eaten 
frame, of the past I 

We must not fail to notice, beyond this, a pump, 
which may be called a vacuum-chamber pump — a 
very simple and admirable contrivance for agricul- 
tural purposes. 

But we pass on, by a butter-working table, and 
by corn-shellers, into the midst of another large dis- 
play, by Allen of New York — embracing all sorts 
of useful farm and house contrivances. 

A long court now stretches before us, one side of 
which is occupied by a succession of mammoth 
machines, for reaping and mowing. There are, we 
believe, ten of these, all differing so much in some 
important particular, that letters patent have been 
granted to them all. We do not propose to deter- 
mine their merits, but we cannot pass, without 
recognition, the now world-renowned machine of 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE, 



16? 



McCoRMicK — the G:reat Illinois reaper, which opened The wonder 

,, . ,, T 1 V, ,1 . of John Bull. 

the eyes oi our excellent neighbour, John J3ull, to 
the genius and energy of Yankee farmers. Of this 
admirable machine, not fewer than 7000 have been 
made in Chicago within seven years. The other side 
of this court exhibits all manner of domestic and Extensive 
field contrivances, — from a coffee-roaster to a flour- articles. 
mill. We may inspect bee-hives, of new construction. Bee-hives, 
particularly that of Phelps ; (and if we are inclined 
to see the industrious little creatures at work in this working 
excellent bee-house, we have only to ascend a plat- 
form and be gratified;) and we may turn the handles 
of machines to pare apples, to churn butter, to cut 
vegetables, or to grind paint. 

The end of the passage brings us among threshing Threshing 
and harvesting machines — great labour-saving con- 
trivances ; and an uncouth and formidable looking Rotary spade, 
implement called a rotary spade. 

A prairie plough we find to exhibit many points Prairie 
of difference to those we are accustomed to see used 
in our lighter soil. A fire-escape ladder appears Fire-escape, 
here, though with what immediate relationship to 
agricultural implements we are unable to tell. Pass- 
ing rapidly forward, we find a model of a lever gate. Lever gate, 
which rises as the car or wagon approaches, and falls 
again when it has passed through. ''The Golden The Gouien 
Harvester " has a promising name, and, in the model 
exhibited, seems to be really an eflBcient machine for 
gathering in a harvest. At this point, some iron iron ploughs, 
ploughs appear, which are much esteemed- where 
they have been tried ; and turning around them, we 
find ourselves in the region of garden and light field Garden tools, 
tools, of all descriptions. Of these, the Tattle 
Manufacturing Company makes a fine du^play — pass- 
ing which, we linger awhile at a case containing a 
great variety of fine models of fruits, prepared by Fruit models. 
Mr. Glover, as specimens for horticulturists. The 



V62 A DAY IN THE 

collection is remarkably interesting, as presenting 
Various field fac-slmiles of the varieties raised by the exhibitor. 

implements. '' 

Shovels, spades, scythes, reaping-hooks, hoes, and 
rakes, appear in great variety to the end of the 
jassage, where we launch into a wilderness of ma- 
chines, the particular merits and purposes of which 
we may reasonably leave the visitor to gather from 
the placards and hand-bills affixed to nearly all of 
them. 

Surrounded by these multitudinous implements 
for the field and for the barn, we find another instru- 
ment bearing no relationship whatever to its associ- 
Church organ atcs. It is a church oroan, of no very grand and 

on a new o ' j a 

principle. imposiug appearance, but one which every day pours 
out tones of deep, impressive, and delicious melody 
— of such volume, moreover, that we wonder how so 
small an instrument can discourse so powerfiilly. 
Tlie organ was built by GEMiiNDER of Massachu- 
setts, and exhibits some novelty of principle. It 
has a wind-chest extending the whole length of the 
organ, with an air-chamber for every stop, and every 
pipe in direct connection with the chest. The result 
of this construction is, increased power and prompt- 
ness of utterance, and easy action of the wind. 
The present is a favourable occasion to notice 

stained glass, the stained-glass windows of Hannixgton of New 
York, which are displayed against the north side of 
the gallery. They are excellent examples, in design 
and colour. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 163 



THE PICTURE GALLERY. 



The rapid increase in the number of applications Picture 
for space in -the Crystal Palace, during the early the Machine 
spring, indicated the probability that its original 
dimensions would be unequal to the demand. It 
was therefore resolved to erect an additional build- 
ing — the lower part of which is occupied by the 
machinery, and the upper part is the Picture Gal- 
lery, to the entrance of which our examination of 
the agricultural implements has finally conducted us. 
Entering the gallery at the right hand of the organ, Entrance. 
we stand at nearly the centre of its length, which is 
450 feet. The width of the hall being only 21 feet, its length 

,1. , 1 ii • -i T 1 and breadth. 

this extreme length gives it an exceedingly narrow 
appearance. It is, however, well adapted to the 
purpose for which it was constructed. 

The Official Catalogue of Pictures contains 685 Number of 
numbers. More than a hundred other pictures are ^^^^ "^^" 
distributed through the courts of the Palace, the 
greater number of which have been rejected by the 
Director of the Gallery as unworthy of a place upon ^Jt^ure^ 
the walls. It would be too much to suppose, that, 
of the large number accepted, there are not many 
others which a severe standard of judgment would 
have excluded. Seven hundred pictures, of absolute 
merit, are not easily collected together at a brief 
warning ; and none need expect to find the collec- 
tion, in the Crystal Palace, -exempt from the fate of 



164 



A DAY IN THE 



Mixed 
character. 



Official 
Catalogue. 



How the 
pictures are 
numbered. 



Double 

numbers 

explained. 



Absence of 

American 

paintings. 



To be 
regretted. 

German and 

Dutch 

pictures. 



all voluntary exhibitions — which is to be composed 
of works "good, bad, and indifferent." 

The visitor will not need the aid of our guide- 
book, in the gallery, as much as he did in the main 
edifice. The objects which it contains are all promi- 
nently displayed before the eye ; and, moreover, the 
Official Catalogue of Paintings gives, in nearly all 
cases, the information concerning each picture which 
the visitor really needs to know. We shall not, 
therefore, enter into details in this part of our re- 
view. The pictures are distinctly numbered, in the 
order in which they are hung upon the walls — be- 
ginning at the centre of the gallery, and continuing 
completely around it, on the left hand. 

A few of the pictures have two numbers upon 
them, the gallery number, and the national, or serial 
number, under which they came to the Exhibition. 
This should have been avoided by the removal of 
the latter marks ; but the visitor need not be seri- 
ously embarrassed by their presence, if he will only 
note the distinction between them and the gallery 
numbers, which is broadly marked. 

The general absence of American pictures, is the 
subject of much surprise and remark — scarcely more 
than thirty* , appearing upon the walls. Indeed, 
our principal painters have, with very rare excep- 
tions, contributed no works to the gallery. Why 
this is the case, we cannot well explain, and we cer- 
tainly regret that they have left the field almost 
entirely to foreign exhibitors. 

The German and Dutch artists are by far the 
most numerous expositors, sending, together, nearly 
one-half of the entire collection. It is worthy of men- 
tion, perhaps, that their contributions are equal in 



* Not including the water-colour sketches, numbered separately at 
the end of the Official Catalogue. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 165 

number, Germany sending 150, and Holland 141 Number of 

^-, iiir.T-1 i'lj^ contributions 

pictures. ^ Of the other half, France contributes from diiferent 
about 100, Italy nearly 80, Great Britain over 50, ^^"" "^^" 
and Belgium about 30. A few pictures from Switzer- 
land and Austria, and a collection of old paintings, oid paintings, 
contributed to the gallery, by Mr. Cristadoro of New 
York, and the water-colour sketches from the New Water 
York Water-Colour Society complete the catalogue. 
There are nearly seventy pictures from the Diisseldorf i>"sseidorf 

'' "^ ^ pictures. 

artists, a body of painters standing in the front ranks 

of modern art. To particularize the works of these, 

and other principal artists represented in the gallery, 

would require an amount of space not at our command. 

The picture, catalogued as No. 314, and found at 

the point of exit from the gallery, is claimed to be 

a genuine Carlo Dolci, and will, of course, be an ^ Carlo 

object of great interest to every one. Of the other 

reputed originals from the great masters of another ^ q^^^^q 

age, there is a Guido Reni, No. 144 ; an exceedingly ^'■^^^• 

doubtful, if not impossible, Murillo, No. 649 ; a muSio!^"^ 

Correggio, (on parchment,) No. 349 ; and a second ACorreggio. 

Guido Reni, No. 653. The fine picture, at the Another 

north extremity of the gallery. No. 190, will be 

found worthy of close attention. It represents " The Return of 

-i-» T» /-( Eegulus. 

Return of Regulus to Carthage," and is rather a 

recent acquisition, displacino- a work called "The The Deluge 

' i o removed. 

Deluge," now to be found upon the landing of the 

stair-way by which we approached the gallery. 

There, also, may be found a large painting. No. 651 

of the Catalogue. No. 8, painted by Winterhal- 

ter, is a contribution from the Queen of England, Picture from 

and embraces portraits of herself. Prince Albert, the victoria. 

Duke of Wellington, and his god-son. Prince Arthur. 

No. 212 is a picture of mosaic stone, the only a picture of 

/ . mosaic stone. 

example of the kind m the gallery. More than this 
concerning the paintings, it is, perhaps, impossible 
to say, without instituting comparisons that would 



166 



A DAY IN THE 



Character of 
the pictures 
collectively. 



Bank-note 

engraving. 



Beautiful 
Diedai lions 
in plaster. 



End of the 

gallery. 

Choice coins 
and medals. 



Large picture 
from France. 



Another. 



Engravings. 



Illjiminated 
cartoons. 



be regarded as invidious. The taste and judgment 
of the visitor will be called into exercise, as the pic- 
tures come successively to his notice. Whatever 
might be the verdict of a severe critical judgment 
upon the merits of the entire collection, it is cer- 
tainly deserving of careful and repeated examina- 
tion, and every successive visit will reveal to us new 
beauties and excellencies in not a few of the works. 

There are some excellent specimens of bank-note 
engraving, displayed on the west wall, in the centre 
of the gallery. Here, also, are some admirable me- 
dallions, modelled in plaster, by Jones. They are 
four in number, representing Clay, Webster, Bishop 
Hughes, and T. Addison Richards, Secretary of the 
National Academy — all portraits from the life, and 
of wonderful fidelity. 

In departing from the Picture Gallery, we may, 
by descending the northern stair-way, inspect there, 
a large collection of coins and medals, which was 
made by the late Count Pineasco, of the city of 
Mexico, who left, it is said, at his death, art-property 
to the value of a million and a half of dollars. 

Over these is displayed a large picture, by Etex 
of Paris, which he calls, in characteristic French 
phrase, " La gloire des EtaU UnisJ^ It is not yet 
embraced in the Offcial Catalogue — as is the case 
with several other French pictures, all of which 
have just arrived as. these pages are going to press. 
Another of these, by Etex, represents " Christ 
preaching at the Lake of Genesareth." 

Further down the stairs, we shall find a collection of 
steel and wood engravings, exhibited by Putnam & Co. 
as examples of American art. Nor must we overlook 
twenty-eight exquisite cartoons, executed by a lady 
of New York, in the illuminated missal style. They 
are portions of the Psalms. We proceed, now, through 
the Machine Arcade to the Cabinet of Minerals. 



NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE, 107 



THE MINEEALOGICAL CABINET. 



The contributions embraced in Class i. of the Mmeraiogicai 
Official Catalogue, are exhibited in a spacious room, 
attached to the main building, at the southern 
extremity of the Machine Arcade. They were 
arranged under the direction of Professor Benjamin Arranged by 
SiLLiMAN, Jun., to whom the Association confided silliman. 
the control of the Mining, Mineral, and Chemical . 
Departments of the Exhibition. 

The Catalogue of this department, recently pub- 
lished, under his direction, is so simply and judi- Jts catalogue 
ciously arranged, as to form, in itself, a satisfactory guide, 
guide to the visitor. 

The specimens of native ores, from all parts of Native ores, 
the United States, are exceedingly numerous, and ^'^^^^'^^s® • 
are ranged, in geographical order, upon the sides 
of the Cabinet — commencing with ]^ew England, on 
the south side, and terminating with California, upon 
the north side pf the Cabinet. These are followed by 
the minerals and fossils of England and Germany. English 

•^ '' fossils. 

The fossil remains in the Blue Lias, and various ^ ., 

Fossil rem aina 

sections of ammonites from England, are very beau- J" t^e Blue 
tiful. There are, also, German fossils of the Solen- ^ 

' ' German 

hofen slate, remarkable for their variety and beauty, fossils. 

In the cases which occupy the centre of the Cabi- central cases, 
net, the rarer minerals of the United States and of 

foreign countries are displayed. Many of these will ^arer 
gratify the visitor, by their peculiarity and beauty. 

Here are malachites, with their glittering hues, from Malachites. 

Africa, and from our own country. Tourmalines, Tourmaiinea. 



168 A DAY IN THE CRYSTAL PALACE. 

Agates, &c. Tose-quartz, agates, garnets, and amethysts abound. 

Silver ores. The Chilian and Mexican silver ores, will repay our 
notice, and we must obey the popular will, and linger, 
especially, at the case in which gold is so lavishly 
displayed, that, within the grasp of one's arms, there 
is an amount of it, equal in value to One Hundred 

Heaps of gold. Thousand Dollars, in ingots, nuggets, and grains ! 

German series This is principally the gold of California. The Ger- 

ot minerals. i. l j o 

man minerals are very numerous, and constitute 
Curiosities, complete series, arranged with great taste and skill. 

Among the curiosities of the Cabinet, we find models 
di.nmonds. of the Celebrated Koh-i-noor and the Great Mogul 
Fine emerald, diamonds, displayed together with a fine emerald. 

At the door of the Cabinet, opening into the 

grounds of the Palace, we find a beautiful specimen 
spar. of dog-tooth spar, from Weyer's Cave in Virginia. 

Outside. Passing out at this door, we discover blocks of 

Coal coal of vast dimensions, and a monument of great 

lieiu'ht, formed of a series of blocks of the same 
M.-\ssesof material. Here, also, are huge masses of copper, 

ore and marble. . i i i i v* i ii- 

iron, and lead ores, and white and coralline mar- 
bles, all from American mines and quarries. 

Hastily as we have inspected the Mineral Cabi- 
net, we regard it as one of the most attractive 
features of the Exhibition, and one to which we 
would gladly devote days instead of moments. 



Last words. Our task is endedL We have conducted the 
visitor through all departments of the Crystal 
Palace, and have endeavoured to make the tour 
profitable as well as pleasant. That we have said 
all we should have said, or said all wisely that we 
have said, it is not in our presumption to imagine, 
much less to assert. We have, at least, performed 
our duty, with good will and in good faith. Here, 
therefore, we make our adieu. 



c/ 



-7,A DAY 



Ei 




eto fck tf rjstal lake, 



AND 



HOW TO MAKE THE MOST OF IT: 



BEiira ▲ 



POPULAR COMP/NION TO THE "OFFICIAL CATALOGUE, AND A GUIDE TO 

ALL THE OBJECTS OF SPECIAL INTEREST IN THE NEW 

YORK EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY 

OF ALL NATIONS. 



WILLIAM C. KICHAEDS, A.M., 

EDITOE OP THE "OFFICIAL CATALOGUE." 



"But as I slept me mette I was 
Within a temple ymade of glas, 
In ■s\'hicli there were mo images 
Of gold standing "in sundry stages, 
In mo rich tabernacles, 
And with perrie mo pinnacles 
And mo curious portraitures, 
And qneint manner of figures 
Of gold work, than I saw ever." 

Chaw.tr. 



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Q. P. PUTNAM <k CO:S NEW WORKS. 



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PUTNAM'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 



10 Parle Place^ No'&emJ)er^ 1858. 

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;. \ Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 

'^^. V Treatment Date: Nov. 2003 

. \ PreservationTechnologie: 

. V *^ A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATIO 

nX.'' 1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive 

'.^ '' I V ^ Cranberiy Township. PA 1 6066 



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